{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220401810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912","title":"Unlocking potential: language mindsets, psychological well-being, and English achievement among Chinese higher vocational students","display_name":"Unlocking potential: language mindsets, psychological well-being, and English achievement among Chinese higher vocational students","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220401810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42898344","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13677826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157643361","display_name":"Qian Wei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280259","display_name":"Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv14838","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280259"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Basic Education, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Education, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280259"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157643361"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280259"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81229972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1969912","last_page":"1969912"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.0215000007301569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-mindsets","display_name":"language mindsets","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-mindset","display_name":"growth mindset","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-mindset","display_name":"fixed mindset","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-well-being","display_name":"psychological well-being","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perma-model","display_name":"PERMA model","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-achievement","display_name":"English achievement","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cet-4","display_name":"CET-4","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-vocational-college-students","display_name":"higher vocational college students","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-students","display_name":"Chinese students","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-learning-motivation","display_name":"language learning motivation","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/only-child-status","display_name":"only child status","score":0.8799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8633000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778491294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339824","display_name":"Mindset","level":2,"score":0.8622999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.6568999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47385372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098943","display_name":"Optimal distinctiveness theory","level":2,"score":0.5252000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779778163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774081","display_name":"Implicit-association test","level":2,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142172996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221284","display_name":"Conformity","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987496018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860","display_name":"English language","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778883600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2390977","display_name":"Language proficiency","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13677826","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13677826/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13677826/pdf/fpsyg-17-1969912.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42898344","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42898344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fa189f2ed41b41feb20be3fd087bcf89","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fa189f2ed41b41feb20be3fd087bcf89","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969912/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.75},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.46810001134872437}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220401810.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220401810.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002940963","https://openalex.org/W2018765701","https://openalex.org/W2053133047","https://openalex.org/W2057897242","https://openalex.org/W2062136439","https://openalex.org/W2076300620","https://openalex.org/W2110505915","https://openalex.org/W2113365231","https://openalex.org/W2114834163","https://openalex.org/W2129988987","https://openalex.org/W2159903595","https://openalex.org/W2167884222","https://openalex.org/W2171473248","https://openalex.org/W2418369210","https://openalex.org/W2556622256","https://openalex.org/W2560470461","https://openalex.org/W2598113640","https://openalex.org/W2791415959","https://openalex.org/W2915069625","https://openalex.org/W2972145160","https://openalex.org/W2999158923","https://openalex.org/W3082890300","https://openalex.org/W3096782588","https://openalex.org/W3134312809","https://openalex.org/W3167015830","https://openalex.org/W3180912127","https://openalex.org/W3194563943","https://openalex.org/W4212983910","https://openalex.org/W4223899587","https://openalex.org/W4284712737","https://openalex.org/W4311780072","https://openalex.org/W4322490115","https://openalex.org/W4387132824","https://openalex.org/W4394702430","https://openalex.org/W4411743631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396790779","https://openalex.org/W7162418084","https://openalex.org/W7155507833","https://openalex.org/W4402807852","https://openalex.org/W4399722039","https://openalex.org/W3180912127","https://openalex.org/W2553571526","https://openalex.org/W4416198689","https://openalex.org/W7217913867","https://openalex.org/W4413162491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"cross-sectional":[1],"study":[2],"examined":[3],"how":[4],"language":[5,77,120,188],"mindset":[6,78,121,189],"beliefs":[7],"are":[8,237],"associated":[9,82,149],"with":[10,63,83,92,126,136,150],"psychological":[11,85,243],"well-being":[12,86,151,172,177,195],"and":[13,36,42,46,70,112,131,163,196,208],"English":[14,51,248],"achievement":[15,203],"among":[16],"Chinese":[17],"higher":[18,221],"vocational":[19,35],"students,":[20],"an":[21],"underrepresented":[22],"population":[23],"in":[24,201],"educational":[25],"psychology.":[26],"A":[27],"total":[28],"of":[29],"1,030":[30],"students":[31,217],"from":[32],"a":[33],"private":[34],"technical":[37],"university":[38],"completed":[39],"the":[40,171,176,192,231],"PERMA-Profiler":[41],"Language":[43],"Mindset":[44],"Inventory":[45],"reported":[47,219],"their":[48,251],"latest":[49],"College":[50],"Test":[52],"Band":[53],"4":[54],"(CET-4)":[55],"score.":[56],"Spearman":[57],"rank-order":[58],"correlations,":[59],"regression-based":[60],"moderation":[61],"analysis":[62],"heteroscedasticity-robust":[64],"standard":[65],"errors,":[66],"Mann\u2013Whitney":[67],"U":[68],"tests,":[69],"Kruskal\u2013Wallis":[71],"H":[72],"tests":[73],"were":[74,146,211],"used.":[75],"Growth":[76],"(GLM)":[79],"was":[80,135,181],"strongly":[81],"overall":[84],"(":[87,101,107,114,139,152,158,165],"r":[88,102,108,115,140,153,159,166],"s":[89,103,109,116,141,154,160,167],"=":[90,104,110,117,142,155,161,168],"0.589),":[91],"its":[93,132],"strongest":[94,133],"observed":[95],"PERMA":[96,128],"subscale":[97,129],"associations":[98,125],"involving":[99],"meaning":[100],"0.583),":[105],"accomplishment":[106],"0.568),":[111],"engagement":[113],"0.542).":[118],"Fixed":[119],"(FLM)":[122],"showed":[123],"weaker":[124],"positive":[127],"scores":[130,145,223,236],"association":[134,193],"negative":[137],"emotion":[138],"0.408).":[143],"CET-4":[144,197,202],"only":[147],"weakly":[148],"0.110),":[156],"GLM":[157,174],"0.127),":[162],"FLM":[164,179,222],"\u22120.080).":[169],"Neither":[170],"\u00d7":[173,178],"nor":[175],"interaction":[180],"significant,":[182],"indicating":[183],"no":[184],"evidence":[185],"that":[186,230],"either":[187],"factor":[190],"moderated":[191],"between":[194],"achievement.":[198],"Demographic":[199],"differences":[200],"by":[204],"gender,":[205],"only-child":[206],"status,":[207],"hometown":[209],"locale":[210],"statistically":[212],"significant":[213],"but":[214],"small;":[215],"male":[216],"also":[218],"slightly":[220],"than":[224,245],"female":[225],"students.":[226],"These":[227],"findings":[228],"suggest":[229],"two":[232],"theory-grounded":[233],"LMI":[234],"composite":[235],"more":[238],"closely":[239],"related":[240],"to":[241,246],"learners\u2019":[242],"functioning":[244],"standardized":[247],"achievement,":[249],"although":[250],"current-sample":[252],"structural":[253],"distinctiveness":[254],"should":[255],"be":[256],"interpreted":[257],"cautiously.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}