{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220387015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181","title":"A comparative review of microbial composition and health benefits of \u201cmilk-based\u201d and \u201cwater-based\u201d kefir grains","display_name":"A comparative review of microbial composition and health benefits of \u201cmilk-based\u201d and \u201cwater-based\u201d kefir grains","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220387015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80488789","display_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","issn_l":"1094-2912","issn":["1094-2912","1532-2386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315681","host_organization_name":"Marcel Dekker","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315681"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Marcel Dekker"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084387665","display_name":"FAN DING","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482657","display_name":"Shenzhen MSU-BIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q963474","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen MSU-BIT University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen MSU-BIT University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157543062","display_name":"Zhuoyu He","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482657","display_name":"Shenzhen MSU-BIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q963474","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoyu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen MSU-BIT University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen MSU-BIT University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101382968","display_name":"Jiayu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0556-4884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0556-4884","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-1276"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482657","display_name":"Shenzhen MSU-BIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q963474","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JiaYu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen MSU-BIT University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen MSU-BIT University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157470461","display_name":"Tariq Aziz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157522259","display_name":"LiQing Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"LiQing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157363498","display_name":"Lan Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018263800","display_name":"Huzhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvpxy20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huzhou Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huzhou Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157363498","https://openalex.org/A5157522259"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I3018263800"],"apc_list":{"value":1880,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2306},"apc_paid":{"value":1880,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2306},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67652235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10750","display_name":"Fermentation and Sensory Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kefir-grains","display_name":"kefir grains","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-community-composition","display_name":"microbial community composition","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-benefits","display_name":"health benefits","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kefir","display_name":"kefir","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactic-acid-bacteria","display_name":"lactic acid bacteria","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotics","display_name":"probiotics","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018122547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690813","display_name":"Health benefits","level":2,"score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.6865000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778072784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185749","display_name":"Kefir","level":4,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149849071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1263816","display_name":"Chemical composition","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39833","display_name":"Microorganism","level":3,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985454405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social benefits","level":3,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775920511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161249","display_name":"Lactic acid","level":3,"score":0.26510000228881836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80488789","display_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","issn_l":"1094-2912","issn":["1094-2912","1532-2386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315681","host_organization_name":"Marcel Dekker","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315681"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Marcel Dekker"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d1a77a5a402543128de2c65c5038ccf8","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d1a77a5a402543128de2c65c5038ccf8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Food Properties, Vol 29, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10942912.2026.2715181?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80488789","display_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","issn_l":"1094-2912","issn":["1094-2912","1532-2386"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315681","host_organization_name":"Marcel Dekker","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315681"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Marcel Dekker"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Food Properties","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6875,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220387015.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220387015.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1869345845","https://openalex.org/W1965234985","https://openalex.org/W1966549219","https://openalex.org/W1987804387","https://openalex.org/W1996424165","https://openalex.org/W2026655486","https://openalex.org/W2033612824","https://openalex.org/W2039545479","https://openalex.org/W2040775459","https://openalex.org/W2042478438","https://openalex.org/W2046964120","https://openalex.org/W2047890066","https://openalex.org/W2057550084","https://openalex.org/W2066186057","https://openalex.org/W2067742417","https://openalex.org/W2079728326","https://openalex.org/W2086809466","https://openalex.org/W2087767168","https://openalex.org/W2090404323","https://openalex.org/W2104275483","https://openalex.org/W2110936821","https://openalex.org/W2120163429","https://openalex.org/W2140387030","https://openalex.org/W2147763671","https://openalex.org/W2154258622","https://openalex.org/W2175613575","https://openalex.org/W2202751431","https://openalex.org/W2466867068","https://openalex.org/W2502485131","https://openalex.org/W2528922988","https://openalex.org/W2588929609","https://openalex.org/W2589992229","https://openalex.org/W2757843518","https://openalex.org/W2760023427","https://openalex.org/W2789867561","https://openalex.org/W2792303749","https://openalex.org/W2793319419","https://openalex.org/W2887663008","https://openalex.org/W2899213429","https://openalex.org/W2946248261","https://openalex.org/W2971755170","https://openalex.org/W3003627384","https://openalex.org/W3009156766","https://openalex.org/W3026259629","https://openalex.org/W3031691365","https://openalex.org/W3033183726","https://openalex.org/W3046631847","https://openalex.org/W3118856286","https://openalex.org/W3120785972","https://openalex.org/W3127665060","https://openalex.org/W3130241387","https://openalex.org/W3132117398","https://openalex.org/W3158286132","https://openalex.org/W3159150330","https://openalex.org/W3164024705","https://openalex.org/W3165998521","https://openalex.org/W3169004192","https://openalex.org/W3173305900","https://openalex.org/W3181319398","https://openalex.org/W3181600235","https://openalex.org/W3181851902","https://openalex.org/W4200162026","https://openalex.org/W4220812624","https://openalex.org/W4224223548","https://openalex.org/W4226372497","https://openalex.org/W4283033167","https://openalex.org/W4283316806","https://openalex.org/W4283714410","https://openalex.org/W4290460528","https://openalex.org/W4312127962","https://openalex.org/W4313320820","https://openalex.org/W4315464832","https://openalex.org/W4317865908","https://openalex.org/W4366282655","https://openalex.org/W4379797413","https://openalex.org/W4381427720","https://openalex.org/W4382630805","https://openalex.org/W4385368174","https://openalex.org/W4386774128","https://openalex.org/W4387115727","https://openalex.org/W4387764913","https://openalex.org/W4388948607","https://openalex.org/W4389476405","https://openalex.org/W4389946110","https://openalex.org/W4390004787","https://openalex.org/W4390586878","https://openalex.org/W4393394162","https://openalex.org/W4394935093","https://openalex.org/W4396536901","https://openalex.org/W4399431029","https://openalex.org/W4399915020","https://openalex.org/W4400255216","https://openalex.org/W4400421919","https://openalex.org/W4400974512","https://openalex.org/W4402313330","https://openalex.org/W4403888283","https://openalex.org/W4407354725","https://openalex.org/W4408326320","https://openalex.org/W4408490552","https://openalex.org/W4408524311","https://openalex.org/W4408922758","https://openalex.org/W4413438970","https://openalex.org/W4415923802","https://openalex.org/W4416442581","https://openalex.org/W7117295109","https://openalex.org/W7118843755","https://openalex.org/W7135031474","https://openalex.org/W7148302680","https://openalex.org/W7165371901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128597051","https://openalex.org/W4220812624","https://openalex.org/W4399652539","https://openalex.org/W3158286132","https://openalex.org/W7125677010","https://openalex.org/W4386226719","https://openalex.org/W4408524311","https://openalex.org/W7120493592","https://openalex.org/W4415304901","https://openalex.org/W6943354605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,163,180],"traditional":[2,184],"fermented":[3],"food,":[4],"kefir":[5,13,32,36,68,95,103,149,156,176],"is":[6,104],"produced":[7],"by":[8,23],"symbiotic":[9],"microbial":[10,73,139,160],"communities":[11],"in":[12,42,51,72,106],"grains,":[14,37],"and":[15,18,34,48,63,78,132,141,147,162,178,187,191],"its":[16,116],"composition":[17,140],"functionality":[19],"are":[20,30,109],"strongly":[21],"shaped":[22],"the":[24,38,57,134,138,170,174],"culture":[25],"medium.":[26],"The":[27,151],"main":[28],"types":[29,69,177],"milk-based":[31,88,102,146,155],"grains":[33],"water-based":[35,94,148],"latter":[39],"commonly":[40],"cultivated":[41],"sugar":[43,64],"water":[44],"with":[45,90],"various":[46],"additions":[47],"widely":[49],"consumed":[50],"some":[52],"South":[53],"American":[54],"regions.":[55],"Given":[56],"substantial":[58],"nutritional":[59],"differences":[60],"between":[61],"milk":[62],"water,":[65],"these":[66],"two":[67,175],"likely":[70],"differ":[71],"community":[74],"structure,":[75],"metabolic":[76],"activity,":[77],"health-related":[79],"properties.":[80],"However,":[81],"current":[82],"research":[83,190],"remains":[84],"heavily":[85],"biased":[86],"toward":[87],"kefir,":[89],"systematic":[91],"investigation":[92],"of":[93,145,173],"still":[96],"limited.":[97],"In":[98],"addition,":[99],"claims":[100],"that":[101,154],"superior":[105],"health":[107,143],"benefits":[108,144],"often":[110],"based":[111],"more":[112],"on":[113,120,137],"assumptions":[114],"about":[115],"nutrient-rich":[117],"medium":[118],"than":[119],"direct":[121],"comparative":[122],"evidence.":[123],"To":[124],"address":[125],"this":[126,128],"gap,":[127],"review":[129],"systematically":[130],"summarizes":[131],"compares":[133],"available":[135],"literature":[136],"documented":[142],"grains.":[150],"evidence":[152],"suggests":[153],"generally":[157],"exhibits":[158],"greater":[159],"diversity":[161],"richer":[164],"metabolite":[165],"profile.":[166],"This":[167],"comparison":[168],"clarifies":[169],"distinct":[171],"characteristics":[172],"provides":[179],"reference":[181],"for":[182],"optimizing":[183],"fermentation":[185],"processes":[186],"guiding":[188],"future":[189],"applications.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}