{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220385668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199854","title":"Mismatch Loss Optimization in PV Panel Arrays Using a Metaheuristic Approach","display_name":"Mismatch Loss Optimization in PV Panel Arrays Using a Metaheuristic Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220385668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16199854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199854","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075928386","display_name":"Tomislav Keser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-0659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-0659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51314090","display_name":"University of Osijek","ror":"https://ror.org/05sw4wc49","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomislav Keser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-0659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083497598","display_name":"Damir Nozica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-2764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-2764"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damir No\u017eica","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMBIS d.o.o., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-2764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMBIS d.o.o., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066520682","display_name":"Damir Bla\u017eevi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4960-5572","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4960-5572"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51314090","display_name":"University of Osijek","ror":"https://ror.org/05sw4wc49","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damir Bla\u017eevi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4960-5572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153623584","display_name":"Andrej Horvat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1566-2077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1566-2077"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrej Horvat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantium d.o.o., 31000 Osijek, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1566-2077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantium d.o.o., 31000 Osijek, Croatia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075928386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51314090"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"19","first_page":"9854","last_page":"9854"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"maximum power point tracking","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm-optimization","display_name":"genetic algorithm optimization","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/double-diode-model","display_name":"double diode model","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-differential-evolution","display_name":"hybrid differential evolution","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-deficit","display_name":"power deficit","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6947000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.6761999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5480999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.526199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5166000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.5073000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985627981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828827","display_name":"Power loss","level":3,"score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74750220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662197","display_name":"Differential evolution","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22762622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628904","display_name":"Operating point","level":2,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53954817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556716","display_name":"Solar micro-inverter","level":5,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221836","display_name":"Flash (photography)","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16199854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d3e86739f0ed4b94afffd6177e904baa","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d3e86739f0ed4b94afffd6177e904baa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 16, Iss 19, p 9854 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app16199854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app16199854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9090999960899353}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1798793167","https://openalex.org/W1964471449","https://openalex.org/W1967163241","https://openalex.org/W1968810406","https://openalex.org/W1982714978","https://openalex.org/W1988433808","https://openalex.org/W2003274606","https://openalex.org/W2009919361","https://openalex.org/W2036568776","https://openalex.org/W2041766192","https://openalex.org/W2044804538","https://openalex.org/W2052704839","https://openalex.org/W2055309078","https://openalex.org/W2062624166","https://openalex.org/W2065323330","https://openalex.org/W2068600294","https://openalex.org/W2078402176","https://openalex.org/W2079198190","https://openalex.org/W2081446401","https://openalex.org/W2084465580","https://openalex.org/W2087155050","https://openalex.org/W2093426126","https://openalex.org/W2101305580","https://openalex.org/W2107848903","https://openalex.org/W2111268305","https://openalex.org/W2131841686","https://openalex.org/W2150358096","https://openalex.org/W2522908238","https://openalex.org/W2596236498","https://openalex.org/W2760578692","https://openalex.org/W2903278466","https://openalex.org/W2919618395","https://openalex.org/W2989279982","https://openalex.org/W3178209797","https://openalex.org/W3198597339","https://openalex.org/W3209652211","https://openalex.org/W4207053393","https://openalex.org/W4306963575","https://openalex.org/W4381800835","https://openalex.org/W4401822377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065323330","https://openalex.org/W2773242438","https://openalex.org/W2111268305","https://openalex.org/W2701655919","https://openalex.org/W2919618395","https://openalex.org/W924106403","https://openalex.org/W2070696669","https://openalex.org/W1490973692","https://openalex.org/W2087155050","https://openalex.org/W2052704839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"two":[1,64,187],"photovoltaic":[2],"(PV)":[3],"strings":[4,83,188],"are":[5,133,145],"connected":[6],"in":[7,107,206],"parallel":[8],"to":[9,82,89,104],"a":[10,39,69,77,114,126,169,236],"single":[11,237],"maximum":[12,35],"power":[13,36,40,92,100],"point":[14,37],"tracker":[15,19],"(MPPT)":[16],"input,":[17],"the":[18,50,63,91,95,99,156,160,173,192,204,207,224,230,241],"enforces":[20],"one":[21,217],"operating":[22,163],"voltage":[23],"on":[24],"both":[25],"strings,":[26],"and":[27,47,67,84,142,183,223],"whichever":[28],"string":[29,103,149],"is":[30,44,111,176],"displaced":[31],"from":[32,76,120],"its":[33,121],"own":[34],"contributes":[38],"deficit.":[41],"This":[42,60],"loss":[43,52,175,242],"distinct":[45],"from,":[46],"additive":[48],"to,":[49],"mismatch":[51,174],"arising":[53],"among":[54],"series-connected":[55],"modules":[56,75,167],"within":[57,200,213],"each":[58,102],"string.":[59],"work":[61],"quantifies":[62],"contributions":[65],"separately":[66],"proposes":[68],"genetic":[70],"algorithm":[71],"(GA)":[72],"that":[73,155],"assigns":[74],"real":[78],"manufacturer":[79],"flash":[80,122],"list":[81,123],"MPPT":[85,143,181],"inputs":[86,182],"so":[87,154],"as":[88],"maximize":[90],"delivered":[93],"at":[94,139,151],"tracker,":[96],"rather":[97,245],"than":[98,246],"of":[101,168,203,216,232],"be":[105],"considered":[106],"isolation.":[108],"Each":[109],"module":[110,137],"represented":[112],"by":[113,135,147,196,235],"double-diode":[115],"model":[116],"with":[117,179,186],"parameters":[118],"extracted":[119],"entry":[124],"using":[125],"hybrid":[127],"differential":[128],"evolution":[129],"procedure.":[130],"String":[131],"characteristics":[132,144],"obtained":[134,146],"summing":[136,148],"voltages":[138],"common":[140,152],"current,":[141],"current":[150,198],"voltage,":[153],"objective":[157],"function":[158],"evaluates":[159],"true":[161],"interconnected":[162],"point.":[164],"For":[165],"68":[166],"43.5":[170],"kW":[171],"array,":[172],"0.398":[177],"W":[178,185,202,215,228],"separate":[180],"1.534":[184],"per":[189],"input.":[190],"In":[191],"first":[193],"case,":[194],"sorting":[195],"MPP":[197],"lies":[199],"0.122":[201],"GA;":[205],"second,":[208,222],"all":[209],"six":[210],"criteria":[211],"fall":[212],"1.069":[214],"another,":[218],"random":[219],"grouping":[220],"ranks":[221],"GA":[225],"gains":[226],"3.243":[227],"over":[229],"best":[231],"them.":[233],"Sorting":[234],"parameter":[238],"thus":[239],"redistributes":[240],"between":[243],"levels":[244],"removing":[247],"it.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}
