{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220375992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193301","title":"Intensive Care Unit Nurses\u2019 Views on Recognizing and Caring for Inpatients\u2019 Anxiety Levels: A Qualitative Descriptive Study","display_name":"Intensive Care Unit Nurses\u2019 Views on Recognizing and Caring for Inpatients\u2019 Anxiety Levels: A Qualitative Descriptive Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220375992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193301","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42881740","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13665097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14193301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193301","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127281072","display_name":"Y\u00dcKSEL CAN \u00d6Z","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-6896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-6896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51826884","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0411seq30","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y\u00fcksel Can \u00d6z","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatric, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-6896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatric, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046824884","display_name":"Tuba Y\u0131lmaz Bulut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-7723","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-7723"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51826884","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0411seq30","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tuba Yilmaz Bulut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-7723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088017901","display_name":"Esin Tekin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9830-7232","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9830-7232","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-0240"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esin Tekin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatric, Bal\u0131kesir Burhaniye State Hospital, 10700, Bal\u0131kesir, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-0240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatric, Bal\u0131kesir Burhaniye State Hospital, 10700, Bal\u0131kesir, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046824884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74986562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"19","first_page":"3301","last_page":"3301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12860","display_name":"Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12860","display_name":"Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.018799999728798866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11537","display_name":"Ethics in medical practice","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-anxiety","display_name":"patient anxiety","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-nurses","display_name":"intensive care unit nurses","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety-assessment","display_name":"anxiety assessment","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety-reduction","display_name":"anxiety reduction","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosocial-care","display_name":"psychosocial care","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-communication","display_name":"therapeutic communication","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-support","display_name":"emotional support","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-workload","display_name":"nursing workload","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-education-needs","display_name":"nursing education needs","score":0.7329999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.7824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.7512999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.6855000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.6419000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.499099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33566652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065927","display_name":"Theme (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203915360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352454","display_name":"Critical care nursing","level":3,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984889486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing care","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476755","display_name":"Nursing assessment","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781385661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677918","display_name":"Acute care","level":3,"score":0.26089999079704285}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14193301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13665097","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13665097/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13665097/pdf/healthcare-14-03301.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42881740","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42881740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14193301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14193301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322341","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0411seq30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220375992.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220375992.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79229537","https://openalex.org/W1984808005","https://openalex.org/W2069411934","https://openalex.org/W2073690865","https://openalex.org/W2130517543","https://openalex.org/W2138664283","https://openalex.org/W2483781330","https://openalex.org/W2575961814","https://openalex.org/W2608714439","https://openalex.org/W2763766763","https://openalex.org/W2771402750","https://openalex.org/W3012832369","https://openalex.org/W3080848457","https://openalex.org/W3101434469","https://openalex.org/W3102959057","https://openalex.org/W3138527145","https://openalex.org/W3142083060","https://openalex.org/W3207271923","https://openalex.org/W4214902736","https://openalex.org/W4226226746","https://openalex.org/W4281687410","https://openalex.org/W4293564724","https://openalex.org/W4306838903","https://openalex.org/W4315490653","https://openalex.org/W4323315653","https://openalex.org/W4388036470","https://openalex.org/W4392022795","https://openalex.org/W4392384995","https://openalex.org/W4392718724","https://openalex.org/W4394570497","https://openalex.org/W4396662566","https://openalex.org/W4398138913","https://openalex.org/W4407694156","https://openalex.org/W4407945096","https://openalex.org/W4409608703","https://openalex.org/W4410565140","https://openalex.org/W4411057113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975131384","https://openalex.org/W7008830462","https://openalex.org/W4383117281","https://openalex.org/W2889308230","https://openalex.org/W2616463289","https://openalex.org/W1531416029","https://openalex.org/W2906816079","https://openalex.org/W6921830313","https://openalex.org/W3140997194","https://openalex.org/W2390844366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Anxiety":[1,205],"in":[2,66,82,249,252],"intensive":[3,27,43,68,234,250],"care":[4,28,44,69,235,245,251],"patients":[5],"is":[6,218],"a":[7],"significant":[8],"concern,":[9],"yet":[10],"limited":[11],"evidence":[12],"exists":[13],"regarding":[14,33],"nurses\u2019":[15,29,112,117],"perspectives":[16],"on":[17,243],"its":[18],"assessment":[19,114,228],"and":[20,31,37,53,86,120,129,137,156,167,179,181,194,197,210,213,229,237,246,255],"management.":[21],"This":[22],"study":[23,55],"aimed":[24],"to":[25,122,126,158,169,188],"explore":[26],"views":[30],"experiences":[32],"the":[34,54,67,72,105,111,116,142,151,154,160,201],"recognition,":[35],"assessment,":[36],"management":[38,230],"of":[39,58,71,104,119,166,174],"anxiety":[40,132,227,248],"among":[41],"hospitalized":[42],"patients.":[45],"Methods:":[46],"A":[47,101],"qualitative":[48],"descriptive":[49],"design":[50],"was":[51],"employed,":[52],"sample":[56],"consisted":[57],"21":[59],"nurses":[60,64,236],"selected":[61],"from":[62,141],"50":[63],"working":[65],"unit":[70],"hospital.":[73],"The":[74,89,144,162,185],"data":[75,90],"were":[76,91],"collected":[77],"through":[78],"in-depth":[79],"interviews":[80,106],"conducted":[81],"person":[83],"between":[84],"July":[85],"September":[87],"2021.":[88],"analyzed":[92],"manually":[93],"using":[94],"an":[95],"inductive":[96],"thematic":[97],"analysis":[98,103],"approach.":[99],"Results:":[100],"thorough":[102],"yielded":[107],"four":[108],"overarching":[109],"themes:":[110],"initial":[113],"priorities,":[115],"recognition":[118],"responses":[121],"patient":[123,247],"anxiety,":[124,128],"approaches":[125],"reducing":[127],"factors":[130],"affecting":[131],"assessment.":[133],"Four":[134],"main":[135],"themes":[136],"ten":[138],"sub-themes":[139,152],"emerged":[140],"interviews.":[143],"theme":[145,163,186,202],"\u201cNurses\u2019":[146,164],"Initial":[147],"Assessment":[148],"Priorities\u201d":[149],"comprised":[150,191],"\u201cPrioritizing":[153],"Emergency\u201d":[155],"\u201cGetting":[157],"Know":[159],"Patient.\u201d":[161],"Recognition":[165],"Responses":[168],"Patient":[170],"Anxiety\u201d":[171,190],"included":[172,207],"\u201cUnder-recognition":[173],"Anxiety,\u201d":[175],"\u201cCompliance":[176],"with":[177],"Care":[178],"Treatment,\u201d":[180],"\u201cRecognizing":[182],"Psychological":[183],"Needs.\u201d":[184,215],"\u201cApproaches":[187],"Reducing":[189],"\u201cProviding":[192],"Information\u201d":[193],"\u201cTherapeutic":[195],"Communication":[196],"Emotional":[198],"Support.\u201d":[199],"Finally,":[200],"\u201cFactors":[203],"Affecting":[204],"Assessment\u201d":[206],"\u201cWorkload,\u201d":[208],"\u201cOrganizational":[209],"Work-Related":[211],"Factors,\u201d":[212],"\u201cTraining":[214],"Conclusions:":[216],"It":[217],"recommended":[219],"that":[220,238],"in-service":[221],"training":[222],"programmes":[223],"covering":[224],"psychosocial":[225,244],"care,":[226],"be":[231,241],"organised":[232],"for":[233],"more":[239],"emphasis":[240],"placed":[242],"nursing":[253],"undergraduate":[254],"graduate":[256],"education":[257],"programmes.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}