{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220367129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000531","title":"Contributions of the general factor of intelligence to cognitive performance across ability levels and age: An individual participant data meta-analysis of child and adolescent norming data.","display_name":"Contributions of the general factor of intelligence to cognitive performance across ability levels and age: An individual participant data meta-analysis of child and adolescent norming data.","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220367129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000531","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42831820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/bul0000531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75627607","display_name":"Psychological Bulletin","issn_l":"0033-2909","issn":["0033-2909","1939-1455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yw46t_v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029105599","display_name":"Moritz Breit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-2691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-2691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89864525","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Trier","ror":"https://ror.org/02778hg05","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moritz Breit","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trier, Department of Psychology, Giftedness Research and Education"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-2691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trier, Department of Psychology, Giftedness Research and Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007653553","display_name":"Martin Brunner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-5622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-5622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Brunner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Potsdam, Department of Educational Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Department of Educational Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026508872","display_name":"Julian Preu\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5522-3880","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5522-3880"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89864525","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Trier","ror":"https://ror.org/02778hg05","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Preu\u00df","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trier, Department of Psychology, Giftedness Research and Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trier, Department of Psychology, Giftedness Research and Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031286980","display_name":"Monika Daseking","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-663X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-663X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190134885","display_name":"Helmut Schmidt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e8jbs38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monika Daseking","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmut Schmidt University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut Schmidt University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036563678","display_name":"G\u00fcnter Esser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6183-7256","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6183-7256"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00fcnter Esser","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Potsdam, Department of Educational Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Department of Educational Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085621949","display_name":"Alexander Grob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-4139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-4139"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Grob","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Basel, Faculty of Psychology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basel, Faculty of Psychology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013245692","display_name":"Jan\u2010Philipp Freudenstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9029-5003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9029-5003"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255665","display_name":"Hogrefe Publishing GmbH (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0394hvg14","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255665","https://openalex.org/I4405255678"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan-Philipp Freudenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hogrefe Publishing Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hogrefe Publishing Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023977436","display_name":"Ulf Kieschke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32592955","display_name":"Ludwigsburg University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02j0n6s98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32592955"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulf Kieschke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwigsburg University of Education, Institute for Psychology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwigsburg University of Education, Institute for Psychology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32592955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044302186","display_name":"Ludwig Kreuzpointner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1391-0807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1391-0807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludwig Kreuzpointner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Regensburg, Institute for Psychology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Regensburg, Institute for Psychology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003558450","display_name":"Franz Pauls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-3456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-3456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190134885","display_name":"Helmut Schmidt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e8jbs38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franz Pauls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmut Schmidt University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut Schmidt University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057030910","display_name":"Christoph Perleth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4665924","display_name":"University of Rostock","ror":"https://ror.org/03zdwsf69","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Perleth","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rostock, Institut fur Padagogische Psychologie \"Rosa und David Katz\", University of Rostock"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rostock, Institut fur Padagogische Psychologie \"Rosa und David Katz\", University of Rostock","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4665924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023268348","display_name":"Gabriele Ricken","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Ricken","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hamburg, Faculty of Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg, Faculty of Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083020405","display_name":"Stefan Schipolowski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155183","display_name":"Institute for Educational Quality Improvement","ror":"https://ror.org/038t2yw28","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155183"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Schipolowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Educational Quality Improvement"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Educational Quality Improvement","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076126290","display_name":"Ulrich Schroeders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-1122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-1122"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich Schroeders","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kassel, Department of Psychology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kassel, Department of Psychology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015389101","display_name":"Franziska Walter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5022-1122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5022-1122"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088462","display_name":"MSH Medical School Hamburg \u2013 University of Applied Sciences and Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/006thab72","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088462"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franziska Walter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical School Hamburg, Faculty of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical School Hamburg, Faculty of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044286419","display_name":"Oliver Wilhelm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-1166","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-1166"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Wilhelm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University, Institute of Psychology and Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University, Institute of Psychology and Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067586370","display_name":"Anne Wyschkon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0499-9993","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0499-9993","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7524-8470"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255665","display_name":"Hogrefe Publishing GmbH (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0394hvg14","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255665","https://openalex.org/I4405255678"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Wyschkon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hogrefe Publishing Group"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hogrefe Publishing Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255665"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064445089","display_name":"Franzis Preckel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-8702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-8702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89864525","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Trier","ror":"https://ror.org/02778hg05","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franzis Preckel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trier, Department of Psychology, Giftedness Research and Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trier, Department of Psychology, Giftedness Research and Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89864525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"152","issue":"7-8","first_page":"598","last_page":"622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-factor-of-intelligence","display_name":"general intelligence factor","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/g-factor","display_name":"general intelligence","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-differentiation","display_name":"cognitive differentiation","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ability-levels","display_name":"ability levels","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-reliability","display_name":"conditional reliability","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-standardization","display_name":"test standardization","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-and-adolescents","display_name":"children and adolescents","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-factor-analysis","display_name":"nonlinear factor analysis","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattell-horn-carroll-model","display_name":"Cattell-Horn-Carroll model","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-performance","display_name":"cognitive performance","score":0.3269999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.833299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.829200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6736000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.652899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48339998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206530858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753797","display_name":"g factor","level":3,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10879293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726474","display_name":"Factor analysis","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6057870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141248","display_name":"Cognitive test","level":3,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119653847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327780","display_name":"Elementary cognitive task","level":3,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132480984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2034239","display_name":"Goodness of fit","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44778022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1581081","display_name":"Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence","level":5,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166047926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170277","display_name":"Intelligence quotient","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001076","descriptor_name":"Aptitude","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005163","descriptor_name":"Factor Analysis, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/bul0000531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75627607","display_name":"Psychological Bulletin","issn_l":"0033-2909","issn":["0033-2909","1939-1455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/yw46t_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yw46t_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yw46t_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:42831820","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42831820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epub.uni-regensburg.de:80916","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1391-0807>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401229","display_name":"University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","host_organization_name":"University of Regensburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.5283/epub.80916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.80916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.80916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401229","display_name":"University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","host_organization_name":"University of Regensburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/yw46t_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yw46t_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yw46t_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8403696045","display_name":"Messgenauigkeit und Testwertinterpretation in deutschsprachigen Intelligenztests: Untersuchungen zu F\u00e4higkeitsdifferenzierung, Altersdifferenzierung, und ihrer Interaktion.","funder_award_id":"499340216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7113177580","https://openalex.org/W2068414873","https://openalex.org/W2129769849","https://openalex.org/W1965049538","https://openalex.org/W4408569284","https://openalex.org/W2208588568","https://openalex.org/W2756029836","https://openalex.org/W816161238","https://openalex.org/W2606275568","https://openalex.org/W2053737221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"differentiation":[1],"effects":[2,133,173],"describe":[3],"differences":[4,194,230],"in":[5,25,74,154,195,209,231],"the":[6,9,26,29,101,196,199,203,217],"strength":[7],"of":[8,28,32,55,66,91,103,193,198,221],"correlations":[10],"among":[11],"cognitive":[12,37,93,210,214],"performances":[13,38],"depending":[14],"on":[15,216],"general":[16,30,222],"ability":[17,121,187],"level":[18,188],"and":[19,76,89,109,136,212,219],"age.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22,227],"context,":[23],"variations":[24],"contribution":[27,197],"factor":[31,97],"intelligence":[33,223],"(g)":[34],"to":[35,224],"specific":[36],"have":[39,44],"attracted":[40],"significant":[41,159],"interest":[42],"yet":[43],"not":[45,158],"been":[46],"investigated":[47],"meta-analytically.":[48],"The":[49,184],"present":[50,153],"study":[51],"provides":[52],"an":[53],"examination":[54],"moderated":[56],"g-factor":[57,232],"loadings":[58,105,118,233],"through":[59],"a":[60,190],"two-stage":[61],"individual":[62],"participant":[63],"data":[64],"meta-analysis":[65],"29":[67],"samples":[68,82],"from":[69],"20":[70],"German":[71],"test":[72,176],"standardizations":[73],"children":[75],"adolescents":[77],"(N":[78],"=":[79,125,140,163],"42,207).":[80],"Standardization":[81],"ensured":[83],"population":[84],"representativeness,":[85],"sufficient":[86],"sample":[87],"size,":[88],"representation":[90],"different":[92],"tests.":[94],"Using":[95],"nonlinear":[96],"analysis,":[98],"we":[99],"examined":[100],"moderation":[102,132],"g":[104,117,200],"by":[106],"age,":[107],"ability,":[108],"their":[110],"interaction.":[111],"Subsequent":[112],"multilevel":[113],"metaregressions":[114],"revealed":[115],"decreasing":[116],"with":[119],"increasing":[120],"levels":[122],"(meta-analytic":[123,138,161],"\u03bb2":[124],"-.046;":[126],"95%":[127,142,165],"CI":[128,143,166],"[-.064,":[129],"-.028]).":[130],"Age":[131,148,229],"were":[134,234],"inconsistent":[135],"nonsignificant":[137],"\u03bb3":[139],".003;":[141],"[-.024,":[144],".030]).":[145],"A":[146],"Negative":[147],"\u00d7":[149],"Ability":[150],"interaction":[151],"was":[152],"some":[155],"samples,":[156],"but":[157,178],"meta-analytically":[160],"\u03bb4":[162],"-.005;":[164],"[-.012,":[167],".002]).":[168],"Moderator":[169],"analyses":[170],"indicated":[171],"that":[172],"differed":[174],"between":[175,180],"families":[177],"rarely":[179],"assigned":[181],"Cattell-Horn-Carroll":[182],"abilities.":[183],"results":[185],"highlight":[186],"as":[189],"key":[191],"source":[192],"factor,":[201],"underscoring":[202],"need":[204],"for":[205,213,226],"conditional":[206],"reliability":[207],"estimates":[208],"assessment":[211],"theories":[215],"nature":[218],"development":[220],"account":[225],"effect.":[228],"less":[235],"consequential,":[236],"suggesting":[237],"limited":[238],"relevance.":[239],"(PsycInfo":[240],"Database":[241],"Record":[242],"(c)":[243],"2026":[244],"APA,":[245],"all":[246],"rights":[247],"reserved).":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}
