{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220357443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52","title":"More Numerous and Bluer: Companions of the Brightest Little Red Dots Differ from Control Galaxies at > 3 \u03c3 , Hinting at Synchronized Black Hole Seed Formation","display_name":"More Numerous and Bluer: Companions of the Brightest Little Red Dots Differ from Control Galaxies at > 3 \u03c3 , Hinting at Synchronized Black Hole Seed Formation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220357443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175824","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","issn_l":"2041-8205","issn":["2041-8205","2041-8213"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027925545","display_name":"Fabio Pacucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-7780","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-7780"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Pacucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Astrophysics \u2223Harvard & Smithsonian"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-7780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Astrophysics \u2223Harvard & Smithsonian","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070191530","display_name":"Claudia Megan Urry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0745-9792","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0745-9792"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Megan Urry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0745-9792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027925545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124175"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2400},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2400},"fwci":4.9855,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95414964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1010","issue":"1","first_page":"L2","last_page":"L2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/little-red-dots","display_name":"Little Red Dots","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-collapse","display_name":"direct collapse","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-redshift-galaxies","display_name":"high-redshift galaxies","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-feedback","display_name":"stellar feedback","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-formation","display_name":"black hole formation","score":0.46000000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7231000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.5909000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.5494999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.45210000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68443243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2786686","display_name":"Quartile","level":3,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12287442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105902","display_name":"Luminosity","level":3,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020157845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367359","display_name":"Control sample","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125857072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744","display_name":"Star formation","level":3,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992820272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Red shift","level":3,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175824","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","issn_l":"2041-8205","issn":["2041-8205","2041-8213"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.23671","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.23671","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.23671","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f4cbbfb2bc74fe9ab3da7ad4bebd88c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f4cbbfb2bc74fe9ab3da7ad4bebd88c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol 1010, Iss 1, p L2 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.23671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.23671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.23671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aeaa52/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175824","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","issn_l":"2041-8205","issn":["2041-8205","2041-8213"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4627323578","display_name":"Collaborative Research: WoU-MMA: Surveying black hole growth history through accretion and mergers","funder_award_id":"2407751","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314503","display_name":"Space Telescope Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/036f5mx38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220357443.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220357443.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1821429365","https://openalex.org/W1975627161","https://openalex.org/W1978186191","https://openalex.org/W1980243102","https://openalex.org/W1996733160","https://openalex.org/W1998581888","https://openalex.org/W2004052728","https://openalex.org/W2008951024","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2073510197","https://openalex.org/W2075802429","https://openalex.org/W2083870045","https://openalex.org/W2103970376","https://openalex.org/W2111159096","https://openalex.org/W2123380808","https://openalex.org/W2134253073","https://openalex.org/W2149072120","https://openalex.org/W2228144304","https://openalex.org/W2590123418","https://openalex.org/W2595233717","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3120032205","https://openalex.org/W4283743339","https://openalex.org/W4313706689","https://openalex.org/W4321490900","https://openalex.org/W4386155656","https://openalex.org/W4386889326","https://openalex.org/W4387871742","https://openalex.org/W4387971543","https://openalex.org/W4390112982","https://openalex.org/W4392553965","https://openalex.org/W4392768687","https://openalex.org/W4394620996","https://openalex.org/W4399381057","https://openalex.org/W4401447221","https://openalex.org/W4402329561","https://openalex.org/W4403501073","https://openalex.org/W4409165210","https://openalex.org/W4409175557","https://openalex.org/W4410184668","https://openalex.org/W4411240372","https://openalex.org/W4411327605","https://openalex.org/W4413133652","https://openalex.org/W4417000409","https://openalex.org/W6967561513","https://openalex.org/W7110790504","https://openalex.org/W7124161209","https://openalex.org/W7127945564","https://openalex.org/W7128536805","https://openalex.org/W7154988811","https://openalex.org/W7163148726","https://openalex.org/W7202266592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7154988811","https://openalex.org/W7222331131","https://openalex.org/W4413340305","https://openalex.org/W7128162159","https://openalex.org/W7212668738","https://openalex.org/W7212463210","https://openalex.org/W7125374539","https://openalex.org/W7162670501","https://openalex.org/W7160548849","https://openalex.org/W7163596521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,179],"Little":[2],"Red":[3],"Dots":[4],"(LRDs)":[5],"are":[6,149,153,217],"compact,":[7],"red":[8],"sources":[9],"at":[10,70,82,103,128,175],"4":[11],"\u2272":[12,14],"z":[13],"9,":[15],"likely":[16],"powered":[17],"by":[18,106],"accreting":[19],"massive":[20,252],"black":[21,253],"holes.":[22],"Multiple":[23],"studies":[24],"have":[25],"detected":[26],"blue":[27,64,156,209],"companions":[28,152,210],"in":[29,47,90,184],"their":[30,207],"vicinity:":[31],"we":[32,197],"compare":[33],"253":[34],"LRDs,":[35,121],"uniformly":[36],"selected":[37],"across":[38],"several":[39],"JWST":[40],"deep":[41],"fields,":[42],"against":[43],">7000":[44],"matched":[45,89],"controls":[46,87,163],"the":[48,56,94,107,119,123,135,140,200,203,214,223,229,239,247,251,256],"same":[49,230],"mosaics.":[50],"We":[51],"find":[52],"that":[53,111,199,238],"27.7%":[54],"of":[55,75,110,162,250],"brightest":[57,120,204],"LRD":[58,125,147],"quartile":[59],"(in":[60],"F444W)":[61],"hosts":[62],"a":[63,78,129,171],"(":[65,164],"\u03b2":[66,165],"<":[67],"\u22121)":[68],"companion":[69,188],"0.5\u20132":[71],"kpc,":[72],"versus":[73,168],"11.6%":[74],"redshift-matched":[76],"controls:":[77],"\u00d72.39":[79],"excess,":[80],"significant":[81],"3.3":[83],"\u03c3":[84,105,177],".":[85,178],"Against":[86],"additionally":[88],"brightness":[91],"and":[92,157,187,206],"compactness,":[93],"excess":[95,136],"ratio":[96],"is":[97,116,137,181,211,237],"similar":[98],"(\u00d72.17)":[99],"although":[100],"constrained":[101],"only":[102],"1.4":[104],"small":[108],"size":[109],"control":[112],"pool.":[113],"This":[114],"phenomenon":[115],"limited":[117],"to":[118,139],"as":[122,190],"full":[124],"sample":[126],"pairs":[127],"rate":[130],"indistinguishable":[131],"from":[132,228,241],"controls.":[133],"Moreover,":[134],"confined":[138],"close-pair":[141],"window":[142],"(<2":[143],"kpc),":[144],"outside":[145],"which":[146],"environments":[148],"ordinary.":[150],"Their":[151],"overwhelmingly":[154],"(92%)":[155],"significantly":[158],"bluer":[159],"than":[160],"those":[161],"\u2248":[166],"\u22122.32":[167],"\u22121.92),":[169],"rejecting":[170],"common":[172],"parent":[173],"distribution":[174],"3.4":[176],"signal":[180],"thus":[182],"directional":[183],"brightness,":[185],"separation,":[186],"color,":[189],"expected":[191],"for":[192],"synchronized-pair":[193],"seed":[194],"formation.":[195],"Therefore,":[196],"conclude":[198],"association":[201],"between":[202],"LRDs":[205,257],"close":[208],"physical,":[212],"i.e.,":[213],"two":[215],"phenomena":[216],"causally":[218],"connected:":[219],"either":[220],"one":[221],"drives":[222],"other,":[224],"or":[225],"both":[226],"emerge":[227],"synchronized":[231],"formation":[232],"event.":[233],"A":[234],"natural":[235],"explanation":[236],"radiation":[240],"these":[242],"young":[243],"star-forming":[244],"neighbors":[245],"enabled":[246],"direct":[248],"collapse":[249],"holes":[254],"powering":[255],"themselves.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}