{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220339263","doi":null,"title":"The aircraft leasing contracts in the pandemic era: navigating the challenges of invoking force-majeure by applying hardship under international commercial law","display_name":"The aircraft leasing contracts in the pandemic era: navigating the challenges of invoking force-majeure by applying hardship under international commercial law","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220339263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:sorbonnestudentlawreview.org:article/132","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://sorbonnestudentlawreview.org/journal/article/view/132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407076351","display_name":"Sorbonne Doctoral Law Review - Revue Doctorale de droit de la Sorbonne","issn_l":"2647-4867","issn":["2647-4867"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2647-4867","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://sorbonnestudentlawreview.org/journal/article/view/132","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157152118","display_name":"Tanya Agarwal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Agarwal, Tanya","raw_affiliation_strings":["student at Amity Law School, Delhi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"student at Amity Law School, Delhi","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157152118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14515","display_name":"International Law and Aviation","score":0.6973000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14515","display_name":"International Law and Aviation","score":0.6973000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12374","display_name":"European and International Contract Law","score":0.1462000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14180","display_name":"Law, logistics, and international trade","score":0.11289999634027481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aircraft-leasing","display_name":"aircraft leasing","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/force-majeure","display_name":"force majeure","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unidroit-principles","display_name":"UNIDROIT Principles","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-transport","display_name":"airline industry","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-renegotiation","display_name":"contract renegotiation","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-performance-of-contract","display_name":"non-performance of contract","score":0.5180000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779833808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161398","display_name":"Force majeure","level":2,"score":0.8661999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778447849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2648051","display_name":"Obligation","level":2,"score":0.7515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.6266999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.6040999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780614964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811154","display_name":"Crunch","level":2,"score":0.5781999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207333","display_name":"Honour","level":2,"score":0.3610999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q562566","display_name":"Breach of contract","level":3,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62100270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1733207","display_name":"Conflict of laws","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778083465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693464","display_name":"Cash","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200635333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158970","display_name":"Tort","level":3,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170706310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30216","display_name":"Common law","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:sorbonnestudentlawreview.org:article/132","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://sorbonnestudentlawreview.org/journal/article/view/132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407076351","display_name":"Sorbonne Doctoral Law Review - Revue Doctorale de droit de la Sorbonne","issn_l":"2647-4867","issn":["2647-4867"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2647-4867","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:sorbonnestudentlawreview.org:article/132","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://sorbonnestudentlawreview.org/journal/article/view/132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407076351","display_name":"Sorbonne Doctoral Law Review - Revue Doctorale de droit de la Sorbonne","issn_l":"2647-4867","issn":["2647-4867"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2647-4867","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213352545","https://openalex.org/W4285135040","https://openalex.org/W3085760703","https://openalex.org/W4392006440","https://openalex.org/W4386234767","https://openalex.org/W7220233628","https://openalex.org/W4401928919","https://openalex.org/W7008851397","https://openalex.org/W7017324029","https://openalex.org/W6981342346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,104],"majority":[1],"of":[2,22,40,61,125,151,158,179,183],"aircraft":[3],"are":[4,107],"acquired":[5],"on":[6,14],"leasing":[7],"agreements":[8,19],"where":[9],"the":[10,15,26,32,38,49,55,58,70,77,79,123,129,149,155,167,170,180,199,207,212,216],"financial":[11],"burden":[12],"is":[13,46,82,209,218],"lessor":[16,59,208,217],"because":[17],"such":[18,126,139],"involve":[20],"financing":[21],"heavy":[23],"equipment":[24],"for":[25,69,96,119,175],"lessee.":[27],"Therefore,":[28,145],"to":[29,57,72,76,98,109,116,198],"ensure":[30,203],"that":[31,163],"lessee":[33,56,71,200],"fulfils":[34],"his":[35,204],"obligation":[36,188,205],"towards":[37,206],"payment":[39,53],"lease,":[41],"Hell":[42],"or":[43,177],"High-water":[44],"clause":[45],"drafted":[47],"in":[48,113,133,154],"contract.":[50],"This":[51,193],"enforces":[52],"by":[54,189],"irrespective":[60],"any":[62],"circumstantial":[63],"change":[64],"which":[65],"makes":[66],"it":[67,92],"difficult":[68,95],"pay.":[73],"However,":[74],"due":[75],"pandemic,":[78],"airline":[80,105],"industry":[81],"suffering":[83],"from":[84],"a":[85,90],"severe":[86],"cash":[87],"crunch":[88],"as":[89],"result":[91],"has":[93],"become":[94],"them":[97],"honour":[99],"their":[100,186],"upcoming":[101],"contractual":[102,187],"obligations.":[103],"companies":[106],"debating":[108],"invoke":[110],"Force":[111,191],"Majeure":[112],"these":[114],"contracts":[115,127],"avoid":[117,173],"liability":[118,174],"non-performance,":[120],"but":[121],"considering":[122],"nature":[124],"and":[128,172,201],"legal":[130],"principles":[131],"adopted":[132],"Private":[134],"International":[135,159],"Air":[136],"Law,":[137],"taking":[138],"measures":[140],"might":[141],"pose":[142],"several":[143],"challenges.":[144],"this":[146],"paper":[147],"proposes":[148],"application":[150],"Hardship":[152],"codified":[153],"UNIDROIT":[156],"Principle":[157],"Commercial":[160],"Contracts":[161],"so":[162],"airlines":[164],"can":[165],"renegotiate":[166],"contract":[168,181],"with":[169],"lessors":[171],"delayed":[176],"non-performance":[178],"instead":[182],"completely":[184],"avoiding":[185],"invoking":[190],"Majure.":[192],"will":[194],"provide":[195],"breathing":[196],"space":[197],"also":[202],"maintained":[210],"during":[211],"pandemic":[213],"thereby":[214],"ensuring":[215],"financially":[219],"safeguarded.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}