{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220327409","doi":null,"title":"\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0639\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u06c1\u0627\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a: Role of importance of Circumstantial Evidence in Crimes Proof in Islamic Perspective","display_name":"\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0639\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u06c1\u0627\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a: Role of importance of Circumstantial Evidence in Crimes Proof in Islamic Perspective","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220327409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aiou_ojs.localhost:article/70","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aiou.edu.pk/index.php/jmi/article/view/70","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aiou.edu.pk/index.php/jmi/article/download/70/70","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075768","display_name":"MEI","issn_l":"1992-8556","issn":["1992-8556","2664-0171"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319277","host_organization_name":"Allama Iqbal Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Allama Iqbal Open University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1992-8556","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aiou.edu.pk/index.php/jmi/article/download/70/70","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156592057","display_name":"Ghulam Farooq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Ghulam Farooq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor of Islamic Studies, Gove Allama Iqbal Graduate College, Sialkot"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor of Islamic Studies, Gove Allama Iqbal Graduate College, Sialkot","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058723191","display_name":"Muhammad Waris Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105419","display_name":"Lahore Garrison University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4ba358","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105419"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Muhammad Waris Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105419"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13646","display_name":"Qur\u2019anic Interpretation Studies","score":0.04340000078082085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circumstantial-evidence","display_name":"circumstantial evidence","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-in-criminal-cases","display_name":"proof in criminal cases","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-jurisprudence","display_name":"Islamic jurisprudence","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-evidence","display_name":"secondary evidence","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-evidence","display_name":"primary evidence","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-evidence","display_name":"DNA evidence","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-evidence","display_name":"visual evidence","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qur-an-and-sunnah","display_name":"Quran and Sunnah","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-sanctions","display_name":"criminal sanctions","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-criminal-law","display_name":"comparative criminal law","score":0.578000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80114427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634260","display_name":"Circumstantial evidence","level":2,"score":0.9988999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.44769999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85940911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484181","display_name":"Fiqh","level":4,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71043370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4932206","display_name":"Jurisprudence","level":2,"score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2905670","display_name":"Reasonable doubt","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778483526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120735","display_name":"Omen","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778734905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15130689","display_name":"Reinterpretation","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aiou_ojs.localhost:article/70","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aiou.edu.pk/index.php/jmi/article/view/70","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aiou.edu.pk/index.php/jmi/article/download/70/70","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075768","display_name":"MEI","issn_l":"1992-8556","issn":["1992-8556","2664-0171"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319277","host_organization_name":"Allama Iqbal Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Allama Iqbal Open University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1992-8556","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aiou_ojs.localhost:article/70","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aiou.edu.pk/index.php/jmi/article/view/70","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aiou.edu.pk/index.php/jmi/article/download/70/70","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075768","display_name":"MEI","issn_l":"1992-8556","issn":["1992-8556","2664-0171"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319277","host_organization_name":"Allama Iqbal Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Allama Iqbal Open University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1992-8556","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6207000017166138,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220327409.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220327409.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312199808","https://openalex.org/W7219506845","https://openalex.org/W3008031866","https://openalex.org/W2772819676","https://openalex.org/W7217556362","https://openalex.org/W7215186210","https://openalex.org/W3026314701","https://openalex.org/W646408918","https://openalex.org/W4392625562","https://openalex.org/W7219706835"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1],"numerous":[2],"in":[3,73],"Quran":[4],"and":[5,24,44,86,102],"Sunnah":[6],"about":[7],"the":[8,19,35,41,91,95],"justification":[9],"of":[10,21,68,117],"circumstantial":[11,87,120],"evidence.":[12,88,125],"Holy":[13],"Prophet":[14],"used":[15],"Circumstantial":[16,42],"evidence":[17,29,38,43,52,60,70,83,85,111,121],"on":[18],"base":[20],"his":[22],"supposition,":[23],"also":[25],"it":[26,31,76],"is":[27,47,54,64,71,93,108],"secondary":[28,124],"but":[30],"has":[32],"not":[33,48],"obtained":[34],"status":[36],"Primary":[37],".":[39],"As":[40],"DNA":[45,106],"report":[46],"accepted":[49,109],"as":[50,61,80,110,123],"primary":[51],"that":[53,66],"why":[55,65],"Islamic":[56],"Fiqh":[57],"demands":[58],"visual":[59,69],"well.":[62],"That":[63],"required":[67],"necessary":[72],"Islam":[74],".However":[75],"can":[77,97],"be":[78,98],"taken":[79],"omen":[81],"based":[82],",secondary":[84],"And":[89],"if":[90],"Court":[92],"satisfied,":[94],"penalty":[96],"imposed.":[99],"In":[100],"America":[101],"other":[103],"Western":[104],"countries":[105],"repot":[107],"for":[112],"punishment.":[113],"But":[114],"our":[115],"experts":[116],"jurisprudence":[118],"accept":[119],"just":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}
