{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220318734","doi":null,"title":"The Economics of Industrial Transformation of Oil Rents and Efficiency Analysis of Building Productive Structures)A Comparative Study of Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Norway)","display_name":"The Economics of Industrial Transformation of Oil Rents and Efficiency Analysis of Building Productive Structures)A Comparative Study of Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Norway)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220318734"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.tge.uobasrah.edu.iq:article/259","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://tge.uobasrah.edu.iq/index.php/tge/article/download/259/219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306511773","display_name":"Gulf  Economist","issn_l":"1817-5880","issn":["1817-5880","3006-1024"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","host_organization_name":"University of Basrah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1817-5880","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tge.uobasrah.edu.iq/index.php/tge/article/download/259/219","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156928149","display_name":"Assistant Professor: Hussein Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali , Assistant Professor: Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5156928149"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76567418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13560","display_name":"Socioeconomic Development in MENA","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialization","display_name":"industrialization","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-structure","display_name":"production structure","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saudi-arabia","display_name":"Saudi Arabia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norway","display_name":"Norway","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/export-concentration","display_name":"export concentration","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herfindahl-hirschman-index","display_name":"Herfindahl-Hirschman index","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saudi-vision-2030","display_name":"Saudi Vision 2030","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sovereign-wealth-funds","display_name":"sovereign wealth funds","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-discipline","display_name":"financial discipline","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-quality","display_name":"institutional quality","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-investment","display_name":"public investment","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-dependent-economy","display_name":"oil-dependent economy","score":0.4309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.550599992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106866004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264259","display_name":"Economic rent","level":2,"score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109332788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615445","display_name":"Economic efficiency","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985697011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economic analysis","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.tge.uobasrah.edu.iq:article/259","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://tge.uobasrah.edu.iq/index.php/tge/article/download/259/219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306511773","display_name":"Gulf  Economist","issn_l":"1817-5880","issn":["1817-5880","3006-1024"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","host_organization_name":"University of Basrah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1817-5880","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.tge.uobasrah.edu.iq:article/259","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://tge.uobasrah.edu.iq/index.php/tge/article/download/259/219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306511773","display_name":"Gulf  Economist","issn_l":"1817-5880","issn":["1817-5880","3006-1024"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","host_organization_name":"University of Basrah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1817-5880","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7217293754","https://openalex.org/W7070637628","https://openalex.org/W4409284115","https://openalex.org/W7220295890","https://openalex.org/W2895393474","https://openalex.org/W4386779128","https://openalex.org/W3165021285","https://openalex.org/W3083061212","https://openalex.org/W7219539424","https://openalex.org/W4402490500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:":[0],"\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644":[1],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[2],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[3,33,142],"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627":[4],"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627":[5],"\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a":[6],"\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644":[7,72,146],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639":[8,73,147],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a":[9,47,126,148],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[10,74,143,149],"\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629":[11],"\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629":[12,151],"\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629":[13],"\u0641\u064a":[14,81,89,95],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642":[15,67],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629":[16],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629":[17],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629":[18,92],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c":[19],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[20],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629":[21],"(2005\u20132025)\u060c":[22],"\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641":[23],"\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631":[24],"\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641":[25],"\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c":[26],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629":[27],"\u0631\u063a\u0645":[28],"\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647":[29],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f":[30],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a.":[31,140],"\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f":[32],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[34,127,154,164],"\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c":[35],"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a":[36],"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646":[37],"\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645":[38],"\u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a":[39],"\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629":[40],"\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a":[41],"\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631":[42],"\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629":[43,96],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644":[44,97],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a":[45,98],"\u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639":[46,125],"(IRTIER)\u060c":[48],"\u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631":[49,59],"\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644-\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0646":[50],"(HHI)":[51],"\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633":[52],"\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639":[53],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c":[54],"\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c":[55],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631":[56,120],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a":[57],"(OLS)\u060c":[58],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631":[60],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a":[61],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644":[62],"(ANS).":[63],"\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a":[64],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c":[65],"\u0623\u0646":[66,144],"\u062d\u0642\u0642":[68],"\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649":[69],"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649":[70],"\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629":[71],"\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629":[75],"(0.072)":[76],"\u0645\u0639":[77],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631":[78],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632":[79],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f":[80],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a":[82],"(HHI=0.843)":[83],"\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631":[84],"\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a":[85],"\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644":[86],"\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628":[87],"(-8.4%)\u060c":[88],"\u062d\u064a\u0646":[90],"\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a":[91],"\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627":[93],"\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627":[94],"\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644":[99,110],"\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a":[100],"\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629":[101],"2030\u060c":[102],"\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627":[103],"\u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a":[104],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c":[105],"\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649":[106],"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a":[107],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629":[108],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629":[109],"\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629":[111,155],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a":[112,156],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642":[113],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a":[114],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637":[115],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.":[116],"\u0643\u0645\u0627":[117],"\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a":[118],"\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c":[119],"\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f":[121],"\u0623\u062b\u0631":[122,132],"\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a":[123],"\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a":[124],"\u0646\u0645\u0648":[128],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629":[129],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c":[130],"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644":[131],"\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a":[133],"\u0642\u0648\u064a":[134],"\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629":[135],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629":[136],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631":[137],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645":[138],"\u063a\u064a\u0631":[139],"\u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635":[141],"\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d":[145],"\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629":[150],"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629":[152],"\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f":[153],"\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644":[157],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a":[158],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[159],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629":[160],"\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631":[161],"\u0645\u0646":[162],"\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647":[163],"\u062d\u062c\u0645":[165],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f":[166],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}