{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220312695","doi":null,"title":"The effectiveness of criminal guarantees for the defendant when confronting the judicial authority","display_name":"The effectiveness of criminal guarantees for the defendant when confronting the judicial authority","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220312695"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq:article/34","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/view/34","pdf_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/download/34/13","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075684","display_name":"Al-Madarat Scientific Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2791-2396","issn":["2791-2396","3005-933X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4389425452","host_organization_name":"Al-Idrisi University College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425452"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2791-2396","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/download/34/13","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123744628","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 - \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171256487","display_name":"University of Technology - Iraq","ror":"https://ror.org/01w1ehb86","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f, \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157304134","display_name":"\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647, \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a/ \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a/ \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157340682","display_name":"Khaldoon Ahmed Mohammed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed, Khaldoon Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157140508","display_name":"Wijdan Hatem Abdullah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah, Wijdan Hatem","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75530044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.5952000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.5952000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.2896000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.10209999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-guarantees","display_name":"criminal guarantees","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rights-of-the-accused","display_name":"rights of the accused","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presumption-of-innocence","display_name":"presumption of innocence","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-procedure","display_name":"criminal procedure","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-power","display_name":"judicial power","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice","display_name":"criminal justice","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-safeguards","display_name":"procedural guarantees","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-gaps","display_name":"legislative gaps","score":0.5070000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504945742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146071","display_name":"Criminal procedure","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992398822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1404417","display_name":"Criminal liability","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776240099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327018","display_name":"Interrogation","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79638320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3059233","display_name":"Judicial independence","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq:article/34","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/view/34","pdf_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/download/34/13","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075684","display_name":"Al-Madarat Scientific Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2791-2396","issn":["2791-2396","3005-933X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4389425452","host_organization_name":"Al-Idrisi University College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425452"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2791-2396","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq:article/34","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/view/34","pdf_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/download/34/13","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075684","display_name":"Al-Madarat Scientific Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2791-2396","issn":["2791-2396","3005-933X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4389425452","host_organization_name":"Al-Idrisi University College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425452"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2791-2396","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220312695.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220312695.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7216954772","https://openalex.org/W7216818403","https://openalex.org/W7217384946","https://openalex.org/W7216395735","https://openalex.org/W7152053366","https://openalex.org/W6988552139","https://openalex.org/W7160285764","https://openalex.org/W4386846811","https://openalex.org/W7218051051","https://openalex.org/W4313496530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0625\u0646\u0651":[0],"\u062d\u0642":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645":[2,56],"\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621":[3],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642":[4],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629":[5],"\u0645\u0646":[6,64,84,87,92],"\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a":[7],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629":[8],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[9],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[10],"\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a":[11],"\u0639\u0646\u062f":[12,103],"\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631":[13],"\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c":[14],"\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b":[15],"\u0641\u064a":[16,62,69,81,107],"\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629":[17],"\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629":[18],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.":[19],"\u0648\u0625\u0646":[20],"\u0643\u0627\u0646":[21],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[22,37,82],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644":[23,38],"\u0647\u0648":[24],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631":[25],"\u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631":[26],"\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639":[27],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[28],"\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631":[29],"\u0645\u0624\u062f\u0649":[30],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[31],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632\u060c":[32],"\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646":[33],"\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f":[34],"\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b\u060c":[35],"\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631":[36],"\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0627\u064b":[39],"\u0644\u0647":[40],"\u0644\u0627":[41],"\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0647":[42],"\u0625\u0644\u0627":[43],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645":[44],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a":[45],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c":[46],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[47],"\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645\u062a":[48],"\u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f":[49],"\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647":[50],"\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631":[51],"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a":[52,58],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629":[53],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b.":[54],"\u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639":[55],"\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647":[57],"\u0647\u064a":[59],"\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629":[60],"\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629":[61],"\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631":[63],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c":[65],"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b":[66],"\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635":[67],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636":[68],"\u0628\u0639\u0636":[70],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635":[71],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[72],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u062f\u0629":[73],"\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626":[74],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635":[75],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627":[76],"\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c":[77],"\u0645\u0650\u0645\u0651\u0627":[78],"\u062d\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0646\u0627":[79],"\u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636":[80],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639":[83],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629":[85],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c":[86],"\u0623\u062c\u0644":[88],"\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631":[89],"\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646":[90],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644":[91],"\u0627\u062c\u0644":[93],"\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627":[94],"\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627":[95],"\u0627\u0645\u0627":[96],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a":[97],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629":[98],"\u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f":[99],"\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627":[100],"\u0627\u0648":[101],"\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627":[102],"\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631":[104],"\u0623\u064a":[105],"\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639":[106],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}