{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220307374","doi":null,"title":"PIPELINES AND PATRIARCHY: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL EXPLORATION OF WOMEN\u2019S TREATMENT IN THE PETROLEUM SECTOR","display_name":"PIPELINES AND PATRIARCHY: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL EXPLORATION OF WOMEN\u2019S TREATMENT IN THE PETROLEUM SECTOR","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220307374"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:oai.ijlgrl.com:article/13","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijlgrl.com/index.php/ijlgrl/article/view/13","pdf_url":"https://ijlgrl.com/index.php/ijlgrl/article/download/13/13","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407078619","display_name":"International Journal of Labour and Gender Rights Law","issn_l":"3115-5510","issn":["3115-5510"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3115-5510","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijlgrl.com/index.php/ijlgrl/article/download/13/13","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157213001","display_name":"Dr. M. A. Ebikake-Nwanyanwu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ebikake-Nwanyanwu, M. A.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157213001"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.8798999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.8798999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.06750000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13926","display_name":"Feminism, Gender, and Sexuality Studies","score":0.02889999933540821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patriarchy","display_name":"patriarchy","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-equality-legislation","display_name":"gender equality legislation","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-discrimination","display_name":"employment discrimination","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigeria","display_name":"Nigeria","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-kingdom","display_name":"United Kingdom","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equality-act-2010","display_name":"Equality Act 2010","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternity-protection","display_name":"maternity protection","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap","display_name":"gender pay gap","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-stereotyping","display_name":"gender stereotyping","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-engineers","display_name":"women engineers","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-mainstreaming","display_name":"gender mainstreaming","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-culture","display_name":"organizational culture","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-industry","display_name":"oil and gas industry","score":0.44600000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776234999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181339","display_name":"Patriarchy","level":2,"score":0.6074000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598711","display_name":"Gender mainstreaming","level":3,"score":0.6022999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5942000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.5694000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777596936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727002","display_name":"Charter","level":2,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158129432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7766927","display_name":"Statutory law","level":2,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992299759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113453","display_name":"Gender equality","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10144844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628967","display_name":"Labour law","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524648","display_name":"Language change","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154482161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2251268","display_name":"Mainstreaming","level":3,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5530954","display_name":"Gender analysis","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776535583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967647","display_name":"Mentorship","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548895740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","display_name":"Petroleum","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780001913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1516555","display_name":"Intersectionality","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780962165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1351807","display_name":"Remittance","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:oai.ijlgrl.com:article/13","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijlgrl.com/index.php/ijlgrl/article/view/13","pdf_url":"https://ijlgrl.com/index.php/ijlgrl/article/download/13/13","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407078619","display_name":"International Journal of Labour and Gender Rights Law","issn_l":"3115-5510","issn":["3115-5510"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3115-5510","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:oai.ijlgrl.com:article/13","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijlgrl.com/index.php/ijlgrl/article/view/13","pdf_url":"https://ijlgrl.com/index.php/ijlgrl/article/download/13/13","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407078619","display_name":"International Journal of Labour and Gender Rights Law","issn_l":"3115-5510","issn":["3115-5510"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3115-5510","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.833299994468689}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220307374.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220307374.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7219370689","https://openalex.org/W6907768969","https://openalex.org/W4410733243","https://openalex.org/W7109166772","https://openalex.org/W7164901164","https://openalex.org/W4413413579","https://openalex.org/W4398170431","https://openalex.org/W7219219424","https://openalex.org/W116148831","https://openalex.org/W4408339500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,55,82,148],"examined":[2],"the":[3,16,28,48,54,79,106,116,169,201],"topic":[4],"\u201cPipelines":[5],"and":[6,27,38,45,68,91,97,120,144,163,188],"Patriarchy:":[7],"A":[8],"Comparative":[9],"Legal":[10],"Exploration":[11],"of":[12,53,89,171,179],"Women\u2019s":[13],"Treatment":[14],"in":[15,85,130,141,200],"Petroleum":[17],"Sector\u201d":[18],"through":[19,112],"a":[20],"doctrinal":[21],"research":[22],"approach,":[23],"focusing":[24],"on":[25],"Nigeria":[26],"United":[29,107],"Kingdom.":[30],"It":[31,167],"explored":[32],"how":[33],"legal":[34,157],"frameworks,":[35],"workplace":[36],"cultures,":[37],"institutional":[39,161],"practices":[40],"shaped":[41],"women\u2019s":[42,75,102],"participation,":[43],"rights,":[44],"protection":[46],"within":[47,175],"petroleum":[49,176],"industry.":[50],"The":[51,81,147],"background":[52],"revealed":[56],"that":[57,84,150],"while":[58],"both":[59],"countries":[60],"had":[61],"laws":[62],"promoting":[63],"gender":[64,92,126,137,152,172,193],"equality,":[65],"structural":[66],"patriarchy":[67,199],"male-dominated":[69],"work":[70],"environments":[71],"continued":[72],"to":[73,196],"hinder":[74],"full":[76],"integration":[77],"into":[78],"sector.":[80,202],"found":[83],"Nigeria,":[86],"weak":[87],"enforcement":[88,178],"labour":[90],"laws,":[93,182],"discriminatory":[94],"recruitment":[95],"patterns,":[96],"inadequate":[98],"maternity":[99],"protections":[100],"limited":[101,139],"advancement.":[103],"In":[104],"contrast,":[105],"Kingdom":[108],"demonstrated":[109],"better":[110],"inclusion":[111],"statutory":[113],"safeguards":[114],"under":[115],"Equality":[117],"Act":[118],"2010":[119],"stronger":[121,189],"regulatory":[122],"oversight,":[123],"though":[124],"subtle":[125],"bias":[127],"still":[128],"persisted":[129],"leadership":[131],"roles.":[132],"Major":[133],"challenges":[134],"identified":[135],"included":[136],"stereotyping,":[138],"representation":[140],"technical":[142],"roles,":[143],"wage":[145],"disparities.":[146],"concluded":[149],"bridging":[151],"gaps":[153],"required":[154],"not":[155],"only":[156],"reforms":[158],"but":[159],"also":[160],"accountability":[162],"corporate":[164],"cultural":[165],"change.":[166],"recommended":[168],"establishment":[170],"mainstreaming":[173],"units":[174],"ministries,":[177],"equal":[180],"pay":[181],"mentorship":[183],"schemes":[184],"for":[185],"women":[186],"engineers,":[187],"collaboration":[190],"with":[191],"international":[192],"equality":[194],"initiatives":[195],"dismantle":[197],"entrenched":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}
