{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220293256","doi":null,"title":"The impact of fiscal policy on macroeconomic variables in Iraq A standard analytical study for the period (2003-2020)","display_name":"The impact of fiscal policy on macroeconomic variables in Iraq A standard analytical study for the period (2003-2020)","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220293256"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.tge.uobasrah.edu.iq:article/96","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://tge.uobasrah.edu.iq/index.php/tge/article/download/96/57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306511773","display_name":"Gulf  Economist","issn_l":"1817-5880","issn":["1817-5880","3006-1024"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","host_organization_name":"University of Basrah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1817-5880","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tge.uobasrah.edu.iq/index.php/tge/article/download/96/57","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135246187","display_name":"Baydaa Hussein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","display_name":"University of Basrah","ror":"https://ror.org/00840ea57","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"HUSSEIN, BAYDAA","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Basra / college of Admin.& Econ/ Economics Department"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basra / college of Admin.& Econ/ Economics Department","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135246187"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57612328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11770","display_name":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","score":0.5785999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11770","display_name":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","score":0.5785999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.19009999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13042","display_name":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","score":0.12540000677108765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-policy","display_name":"fiscal policy","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomic-factors","display_name":"macroeconomic factors","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-efficiency","display_name":"economic efficiency","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"income distribution","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-revenue","display_name":"oil revenue","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-revenue","display_name":"government revenue","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflation","display_name":"inflation","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exchange-rates","display_name":"exchange rates","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-expenditure","display_name":"government spending","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-policy-instruments","display_name":"fiscal instruments","score":0.39899998903274536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7232999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.5493000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524878704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187021","display_name":"Fiscal policy","level":2,"score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992690401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257739","display_name":"Government expenditure","level":3,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781356325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929688","display_name":"Government spending","level":3,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.26460000872612}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.tge.uobasrah.edu.iq:article/96","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://tge.uobasrah.edu.iq/index.php/tge/article/download/96/57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306511773","display_name":"Gulf  Economist","issn_l":"1817-5880","issn":["1817-5880","3006-1024"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","host_organization_name":"University of Basrah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1817-5880","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.tge.uobasrah.edu.iq:article/96","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://tge.uobasrah.edu.iq/index.php/tge/article/download/96/57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306511773","display_name":"Gulf  Economist","issn_l":"1817-5880","issn":["1817-5880","3006-1024"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","host_organization_name":"University of Basrah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1817-5880","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220390976","https://openalex.org/W7220410244","https://openalex.org/W7219255800","https://openalex.org/W4383555137","https://openalex.org/W7216296030","https://openalex.org/W7220207915","https://openalex.org/W7160942435","https://openalex.org/W4400407329","https://openalex.org/W7219518523","https://openalex.org/W4294832334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0625\u0646":[0],"\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629":[2],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[3,121],"\u062a\u0642\u0639":[4],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[5,27,32,75,82,90,117,123,128,135,166],"\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642":[6],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629":[7,76],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c":[8,77],"\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627":[9],"\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644":[10],"\u0641\u064a":[11,23,106,155],"\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629":[12],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636":[13],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[14],"\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642":[15,52],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629":[16,39,53],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629":[17],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629":[18,54],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c":[19],"\u0643\u0645\u0627":[20],"\u0623\u0646":[21],"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627":[22],"\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631":[24],"\u0645\u0646":[25,36,132],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646":[26],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c":[28],"\u0642\u062f":[29],"\u0623\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627":[30],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629":[31],"\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629":[33],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629":[34],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0629":[35],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[37,133],"\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631":[38],"\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642":[40],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629":[41],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c":[42],"\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649":[43],"\u0646\u062d\u0648":[44],"\u064a\u0645\u0647\u062f":[45],"\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621":[46],"\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c":[47],"\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644":[48],"\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629":[49],"\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649":[50],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[51,73],"\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c":[55],"\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643":[56,138,159],"\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a":[57],"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649":[58],"\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628":[59],"\u0641\u064a\u0647":[60],"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629":[61],"\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639":[62],"\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a":[63],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637":[64],"\u0639\u0628\u0631":[65],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629":[66],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629":[67,131,154],"\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629":[68],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b":[69],"\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c":[70],"\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641":[71],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[72,96,114],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641":[74,81],"\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627":[78],"\u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c":[79],"\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643":[80],"\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627":[83],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c":[84],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[85],"\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b":[86],"\u0639\u0646":[87],"\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631":[88],"\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627":[89],"\u0628\u0639\u0636":[91],"\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a":[92],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f":[93],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c":[94],"\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639":[95],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628":[97],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a":[98],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a":[99],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a":[101],"\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641":[102],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644":[103],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a":[104],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629":[105],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c":[107],"\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631":[108],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629":[109],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[110],"\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a":[111],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u060c":[112],"\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649":[113],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644":[115],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f":[116],"\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642":[118],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a":[119],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[120],"\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644":[122],"\u062e\u0641\u0636":[124],"\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a":[125,170],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u060c":[126],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644":[127],"\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629":[129,147,167],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a":[130],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632":[134],"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a":[136],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c":[137],"\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636":[139],"\u0633\u0639\u0631":[140],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641":[141],"\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629":[142],"\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629":[143],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629":[144],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629":[145],"\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a":[146],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648":[148],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c":[149],"\u0645\u0639":[150],"\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629":[151],"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632":[152],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a":[153],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628":[156],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629":[157],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[158],"\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629":[160],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629":[161],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629":[162],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631":[163],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[164],"\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633":[165],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c":[168],"\u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636":[169],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}