{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220196237","doi":null,"title":"Counterterrorism vs. human rights in Pakistan: A critical ICCPR-based evaluation of the anti-terrorism act and its implementation","display_name":"Counterterrorism vs. human rights in Pakistan: A critical ICCPR-based evaluation of the anti-terrorism act and its implementation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220196237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.aljamei.com:article/145","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://aljamei.com/index.php/ajrj/article/view/145","pdf_url":"https://aljamei.com/index.php/ajrj/article/download/145/179","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075623","display_name":"AL-JAMEI Research Journal","issn_l":"3006-4775","issn":["3006-4775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3006-4775","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://aljamei.com/index.php/ajrj/article/download/145/179","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134841237","display_name":"Muhammad Adnan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132148935","display_name":"Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00q15p987","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132148935"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Adnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law, Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law, Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132148935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118144693","display_name":"Tansif Ur Rehman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193670377","display_name":"University of Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbbc791","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132148935","display_name":"Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00q15p987","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132148935"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Tansif Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teaching Associate, Department of Sociology, University of Karachi, Pakistan; and Visiting Faculty, Department of Law, Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teaching Associate, Department of Sociology, University of Karachi, Pakistan; and Visiting Faculty, Department of Law, Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377","https://openalex.org/I3132148935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146097752","display_name":"Aliya Saeed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193670377","display_name":"University of Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbbc791","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aliya Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["PhD Fellow at School of Law, University of Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD Fellow at School of Law, University of Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.7006999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.7006999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.11320000141859055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12550","display_name":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","score":0.08579999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterterrorism","display_name":"counterterrorism","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"human rights","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-covenant-on-civil-and-political-rights","display_name":"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/due-process","display_name":"due process","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbitrary-detention","display_name":"arbitrary detention","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-courts","display_name":"military courts","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-to-a-fair-trial","display_name":"right to a fair trial","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedom-of-expression","display_name":"freedom of expression","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-law","display_name":"rule of law","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-security","display_name":"national security","score":0.7160000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.7634999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781329779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392119","display_name":"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights","level":5,"score":0.7055000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.619700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.4749000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136800757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6335929","display_name":"Covenant","level":2,"score":0.43959999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86615163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147615","display_name":"International human rights law","level":3,"score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991800021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37470","display_name":"Security council","level":3,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779449393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302285","display_name":"Human security","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185436325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"Public international law","level":3,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95691615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237872","display_name":"Fundamental rights","level":3,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509929229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3312693","display_name":"International security","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779921323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194894","display_name":"Customary international law","level":4,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22299250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11917765","display_name":"Right to property","level":4,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779872411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774161","display_name":"International community","level":3,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776847301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44918","display_name":"Rule of law","level":3,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.aljamei.com:article/145","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://aljamei.com/index.php/ajrj/article/view/145","pdf_url":"https://aljamei.com/index.php/ajrj/article/download/145/179","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075623","display_name":"AL-JAMEI Research Journal","issn_l":"3006-4775","issn":["3006-4775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3006-4775","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.aljamei.com:article/145","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://aljamei.com/index.php/ajrj/article/view/145","pdf_url":"https://aljamei.com/index.php/ajrj/article/download/145/179","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075623","display_name":"AL-JAMEI Research Journal","issn_l":"3006-4775","issn":["3006-4775"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3006-4775","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220196237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220196237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145452196","https://openalex.org/W3126226315","https://openalex.org/W3138990775","https://openalex.org/W3158601927","https://openalex.org/W4213071851","https://openalex.org/W4214513132","https://openalex.org/W4221010794","https://openalex.org/W4253314500","https://openalex.org/W4287095852","https://openalex.org/W4318407547","https://openalex.org/W4392412111","https://openalex.org/W4403625645","https://openalex.org/W4405951971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415800267","https://openalex.org/W7220823689","https://openalex.org/W7217884992","https://openalex.org/W7217229726","https://openalex.org/W6948875821","https://openalex.org/W7168245412","https://openalex.org/W4211065700","https://openalex.org/W7160864557","https://openalex.org/W3140448349","https://openalex.org/W2886131620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70],"paper":[1,71,115],"will":[2,116],"analyze":[3],"the":[4,12,21,29,49,57,65,74,80,84,104,121,133,149,165],"legal":[5],"framework":[6],"of":[7,15,59,67,76,112,157,167],"counterterrorism":[8,50,150],"in":[9,152],"Pakistan":[10,39,95,153],"against":[11,132],"international":[13,81,158],"standards":[14,156],"human":[16,135],"rights,":[17],"as":[18,20],"well":[19],"major":[22,43],"laws":[23,78],"related":[24],"to":[25,103,106,129,145,155],"this":[26],"matter,":[27],"including":[28],"Anti-Terrorism":[30],"Act":[31],"1997":[32],"and":[33,64,89,110,160,164],"its":[34,47],"further":[35],"amendments.":[36],"Even":[37],"though":[38,120],"is":[40,96,101],"grappling":[41],"with":[42,79],"security":[44,123,163],"issues":[45,124],"within":[46],"borders,":[48],"practices":[51],"have":[52,128],"cast":[53],"grave":[54],"doubts":[55],"on":[56,87,93],"issue":[58],"due":[60],"process,":[61],"arbitrary":[62],"detention,":[63],"application":[66],"military":[68],"courts.":[69],"critically":[72],"evaluates":[73],"compatibility":[75],"these":[77],"documents,":[82],"i.e.,":[83],"International":[85],"Covenant":[86],"Civil":[88],"Political":[90],"Rights":[91],"(ICCPR),":[92],"which":[94],"a":[97],"signatory.":[98],"Special":[99],"consideration":[100],"paid":[102],"right":[105],"fair":[107],"trial,":[108],"anti-torture,":[109],"freedom":[111],"speech.":[113],"This":[114],"argue":[117],"that":[118,140,148],"even":[119],"national":[122],"are":[125,143],"justified,":[126],"they":[127],"be":[130],"weighed":[131],"main":[134],"rights":[136],"requirements.":[137],"It":[138],"concludes":[139],"extensive":[141],"reforms":[142],"required":[144],"make":[146],"sure":[147],"regime":[151],"adheres":[154],"law":[159],"fosters":[161],"effective":[162],"rule":[166],"law.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}
