{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220194927","doi":null,"title":"Cognitive Demand and Curriculum Alignment in a Pakistani Grade 11 English Textbook`: An Exploratory Bloom's-Taxonomy Analysis","display_name":"Cognitive Demand and Curriculum Alignment in a Pakistani Grade 11 English Textbook`: An Exploratory Bloom's-Taxonomy Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220194927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journals.gctownship.edu.pk:article/168","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.gctownship.edu.pk/index.php/crssh/article/view/168","pdf_url":"https://journals.gctownship.edu.pk/index.php/crssh/article/download/168/118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407077704","display_name":"Critical Review of Social Sciences and Humanities","issn_l":"2959-1562","issn":["2959-1562","2959-1570"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405263359","host_organization_name":"Government Graduate College Township Lahore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263359"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2959-1562","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.gctownship.edu.pk/index.php/crssh/article/download/168/118","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049685127","display_name":"Azhar Munir Bhatti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-277X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-277X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhatti, Azhar Munir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Higher Education Department, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Education Department, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138566836","display_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87482320","display_name":"University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0095xcq10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iqbal, Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMT, Lahore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMT, Lahore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12556","display_name":"Educational Methods and Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-demand","display_name":"cognitive demand","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-alignment","display_name":"curriculum alignment","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-textbooks","display_name":"English textbooks","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloom-s-taxonomy","display_name":"Bloom's taxonomy","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-design","display_name":"task design","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-thinking-skills","display_name":"higher-order thinking skills","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punjab","display_name":"Punjab","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selected-response-items","display_name":"selected-response items","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-ended-prompts","display_name":"open-ended prompts","score":0.8889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5855000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5791000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5622000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.49720001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133112747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251931","display_name":"Protocol analysis","level":2,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134290984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141241","display_name":"Cognitive skill","level":3,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75969862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141215","display_name":"Cognitive interview","level":3,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780126709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6979578","display_name":"National curriculum","level":3,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84389358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129466","display_name":"Discourse analysis","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170494330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778434","display_name":"Cognitive map","level":3,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1669245","display_name":"Item analysis","level":3,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62737587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939179","display_name":"Vocabulary development","level":3,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52085439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165173","display_name":"Context analysis","level":3,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journals.gctownship.edu.pk:article/168","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.gctownship.edu.pk/index.php/crssh/article/view/168","pdf_url":"https://journals.gctownship.edu.pk/index.php/crssh/article/download/168/118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407077704","display_name":"Critical Review of Social Sciences and Humanities","issn_l":"2959-1562","issn":["2959-1562","2959-1570"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405263359","host_organization_name":"Government Graduate College Township Lahore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263359"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2959-1562","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journals.gctownship.edu.pk:article/168","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.gctownship.edu.pk/index.php/crssh/article/view/168","pdf_url":"https://journals.gctownship.edu.pk/index.php/crssh/article/download/168/118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407077704","display_name":"Critical Review of Social Sciences and Humanities","issn_l":"2959-1562","issn":["2959-1562","2959-1570"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405263359","host_organization_name":"Government Graduate College Township Lahore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263359"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2959-1562","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220194927.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220194927.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967747674","https://openalex.org/W2007816443","https://openalex.org/W2081597998","https://openalex.org/W2111761700","https://openalex.org/W2162821268","https://openalex.org/W2913369920","https://openalex.org/W3156862424","https://openalex.org/W3169620498","https://openalex.org/W3213295662","https://openalex.org/W4414577371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230617301","https://openalex.org/W4412626436","https://openalex.org/W2783761303","https://openalex.org/W4386559287","https://openalex.org/W7220072371","https://openalex.org/W4411965085","https://openalex.org/W7220771811","https://openalex.org/W1835811054","https://openalex.org/W7215607300","https://openalex.org/W7160284247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,81],"investigates":[2],"how":[3],"end-of-unit":[4],"exercises":[5],"in":[6,14],"the":[7,17,21,41,53,62,91,162],"2025":[8],"Grade":[9],"11":[10],"English":[11,27],"textbook":[12,163],"prescribed":[13],"Punjab":[15],"reflect":[16],"cognitive":[18],"expectations":[19],"of":[20,24,55,105],"National":[22],"Curriculum":[23],"Pakistan":[25],"for":[26,197],"(Advanced/Elective),":[28],"Grades":[29],"XI\u2013XII.":[30],"Using":[31],"revised":[32],"Bloom\u2019s":[33],"Taxonomy":[34],"as":[35,52,77,84],"an":[36,85],"interpretive":[37],"framework,":[38],"it":[39],"treats":[40],"exercise":[42],"prompt,":[43,51],"or":[44,103],"a":[45,49,98,112],"separable":[46],"sub-item":[47],"within":[48],"multifunctional":[50],"unit":[54],"analysis.":[56],"Cognitive":[57],"demand":[58],"was":[59],"determined":[60],"from":[61],"required":[63],"operation,":[64],"expected":[65],"response,":[66],"and":[67,73,116,128,133,139,154,172,177,193],"evaluative":[68],"criteria,":[69],"while":[70],"instructional":[71],"verbs":[72],"item":[74],"formats":[75],"served":[76],"contextual":[78],"indicators.":[79],"The":[80],"is":[82,145],"framed":[83],"exploratory":[86],"qualitative":[87],"content":[88],"analysis":[89],"because":[90],"available":[92],"analytic":[93],"record":[94],"does":[95],"not":[96,146],"permit":[97],"fully":[99],"disambiguated":[100],"frequency":[101],"distribution":[102],"calculation":[104],"inter-rater":[106],"reliability.":[107],"A":[108],"fourteen-unit":[109],"matrix":[110],"reveals":[111],"recurring":[113],"pattern:":[114],"literary":[115],"extended":[117],"non-fiction":[118],"tasks":[119],"often":[120],"require":[121],"structural":[122],"analysis,":[123],"evidence-based":[124],"judgement,":[125],"comparison,":[126],"argument,":[127],"original":[129],"composition,":[130],"whereas":[131],"vocabulary":[132],"grammar":[134],"activities":[135],"support":[136],"recall,":[137],"comprehension,":[138],"procedural":[140],"practice.":[141],"However,":[142],"this":[143],"distinction":[144],"absolute,":[147],"since":[148],"selected-response":[149],"items":[150],"may":[151,157],"involve":[152],"inference":[153],"open-ended":[155],"prompts":[156],"remain":[158,195],"cognitively":[159],"limited.":[160],"Overall,":[161],"shows":[164],"meaningful":[165],"but":[166],"uneven":[167],"alignment":[168],"with":[169],"higher-order":[170],"reading":[171],"writing":[173],"outcomes":[174],"across":[175],"genres":[176],"skills.":[178],"Findings":[179],"concern":[180],"printed":[181],"task":[182],"design":[183],"only;":[184],"classroom":[185],"implementation,":[186],"learner":[187],"performance,":[188],"teacher":[189],"capacity,":[190],"examination":[191],"washback,":[192],"equity":[194],"directions":[196],"future":[198],"research.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}