{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220173867","doi":null,"title":"Growth, Feed Utilization, and Body Indices of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fed Diet with or without Cinnamon Inclusion","display_name":"Growth, Feed Utilization, and Body Indices of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fed Diet with or without Cinnamon Inclusion","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220173867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.cjpas.org.ng:article/96","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cjpas.org.ng/index.php/pub/article/view/96","pdf_url":"https://cjpas.org.ng/index.php/pub/article/download/96/87","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407076193","display_name":"Confluence Journal of Pure and Applied Science","issn_l":"2616-1303","issn":["2616-1303"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2616-1303","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://cjpas.org.ng/index.php/pub/article/download/96/87","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058616187","display_name":"Peace Onas Somdare","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800190170","display_name":"Federal University Lokoja","ror":"https://ror.org/018ced875","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.O, Somdare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Federal University Lokoja, P M B 1154, Lokoja"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Federal University Lokoja, P M B 1154, Lokoja","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156947684","display_name":"Muhammed H. O","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. O, Muhammed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157180547","display_name":"Abbah B. G","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. G, Abbah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157318628","display_name":"Abdulsalam O.A","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800190170","display_name":"Federal University Lokoja","ror":"https://ror.org/018ced875","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O.A, Abdulsalam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, Federal University Lokoja, P M B 1154, Lokoja"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, Federal University Lokoja, P M B 1154, Lokoja","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800190170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157354169","display_name":"Uchendu C.N","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.N, Uchendu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64649007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12319","display_name":"Fish Biology and Ecology Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clarias-gariepinus","display_name":"Clarias gariepinus","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-catfish","display_name":"African catfish","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cinnamon","display_name":"cinnamon","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cinnamomum-verum","display_name":"Cinnamomum zeylanicum","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-feed-supplementation","display_name":"fish feed supplementation","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-performance","display_name":"growth performance","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-conversion-ratio","display_name":"feed conversion ratio","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-growth-rate","display_name":"specific growth rate","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-condition-indices","display_name":"body condition indices","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatosomatic-index","display_name":"hepatosomatic index","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survival-rate","display_name":"survival rate","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquaculture-nutrition","display_name":"aquaculture nutrition","score":0.6169999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778189562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59576","display_name":"Catfish","level":3,"score":0.9472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.6705999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6536999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776379897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16958541","display_name":"Protein efficiency ratio","level":4,"score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.5856000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779289661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6998500","display_name":"Net protein utilization","level":5,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779464733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736329","display_name":"Clarias","level":4,"score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403879","display_name":"Weight gain","level":3,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780761129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387344","display_name":"Clarias gariepinus","level":4,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778312390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4139973","display_name":"Growth rate","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158278297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756633","display_name":"Aquatic animal","level":3,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204288101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413095","display_name":"Fish meal","level":3,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46254838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156536","display_name":"Completely randomized design","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.cjpas.org.ng:article/96","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cjpas.org.ng/index.php/pub/article/view/96","pdf_url":"https://cjpas.org.ng/index.php/pub/article/download/96/87","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407076193","display_name":"Confluence Journal of Pure and Applied Science","issn_l":"2616-1303","issn":["2616-1303"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2616-1303","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.cjpas.org.ng:article/96","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cjpas.org.ng/index.php/pub/article/view/96","pdf_url":"https://cjpas.org.ng/index.php/pub/article/download/96/87","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407076193","display_name":"Confluence Journal of Pure and Applied Science","issn_l":"2616-1303","issn":["2616-1303"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2616-1303","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.958299994468689}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220173867.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220173867.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2597332436","https://openalex.org/W7118094718","https://openalex.org/W2998463809","https://openalex.org/W4391124623","https://openalex.org/W2313074934","https://openalex.org/W4388142364","https://openalex.org/W7218213135","https://openalex.org/W7204809464","https://openalex.org/W4393443582","https://openalex.org/W4406040031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,7,14,126,136,146,172,206],"effect":[4],"of":[5,23,56,164,179,209],"supplementing":[6],"diet":[8,50],"with":[9,30,45,125],"cinnamon":[10,47,106,166,210],"(Cinnamomum":[11],"zeylanicum)":[12],"on":[13],"growth,":[15],"feed":[16,80,84,122,176],"efficiency,":[17],"survival":[18,87],"rate,":[19],"and":[20,33,42,86,98,155,197],"body":[21,91,137],"indices":[22,93],"African":[24],"catfish":[25,57,212],"(Clarias":[26],"gariepinus).":[27],"Two":[28],"diets":[29],"equal":[31],"protein":[32],"lipid":[34],"contents":[35],"were":[36,101],"prepared:":[37],"a":[38],"control":[39,127],"(0%":[40],"cinnamon)":[41],"one":[43],"supplemented":[44],"2%":[46,165],"powder.":[48],"Each":[49],"was":[51,130],"fed":[52],"to":[53,142,203],"three":[54],"groups":[55],"(average":[58],"initial":[59],"weight":[60,117],"2.17":[61],"\u00b1":[62],"0.17":[63],"g)":[64],"for":[65],"28":[66],"days":[67],"under":[68],"controlled":[69],"laboratory":[70],"conditions.":[71],"Growth":[72],"performance":[73,174],"metrics":[74],"including":[75],"specific":[76],"growth":[77,173],"rate":[78],"(SGR),":[79],"conversion":[81],"ratio":[82],"(FCR),":[83],"intake,":[85],"as":[88,90],"well":[89],"condition":[92,156],"(condition":[94],"factor,":[95],"viscero-somatic":[96,139],"index,":[97],"hepato-somatic":[99,153],"index)":[100],"assessed.":[102],"Results":[103],"showed":[104],"that":[105],"supplementation":[107,195],"did":[108,168],"not":[109,169],"cause":[110],"significant":[111],"differences":[112],"(p":[113,149],">":[114],"0.05)":[115],"in":[116,132,145,211],"gain,":[118],"FCR,":[119],"SGR,":[120],"or":[121,175,200],"intake":[123],"compared":[124],"group.":[128],"Survival":[129],"100%":[131],"both":[133],"groups.":[134],"Among":[135],"indices,":[138],"index":[140,154],"tended":[141],"be":[143],"lower":[144],"cinnamon-fed":[147],"fish":[148],"=":[150],"0.059),":[151],"while":[152],"factor":[157],"remained":[158],"comparable":[159],"between":[160],"treatments.":[161],"The":[162],"inclusion":[163,188],"powder":[167],"significantly":[170],"affect":[171],"utilization":[177],"efficiency":[178],"Clarias":[180],"gariepinus,":[181],"indicating":[182],"limited":[183],"nutritional":[184],"benefit":[185],"at":[186],"this":[187],"level.":[189],"Further":[190],"research":[191],"should":[192],"examine":[193],"varying":[194],"rates":[196],"potential":[198],"physiological":[199],"health-related":[201],"effects":[202],"better":[204],"elucidate":[205],"functional":[207],"role":[208],"diets.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}
