{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220170074","doi":null,"title":"Efficacy of Polyphosphoric Acid in Reducing the Degree of Thermal Aging of Agbabu Natural Bitumen","display_name":"Efficacy of Polyphosphoric Acid in Reducing the Degree of Thermal Aging of Agbabu Natural Bitumen","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220170074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng:article/405","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjpls/article/view/405","pdf_url":"https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjpls/article/download/405/288","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176084","display_name":"Covenant Journal of Communication","issn_l":"2354-3485","issn":["2354-3485","2354-3515","2354-354X","2354-3574"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186771145","host_organization_name":"Covenant University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2354-3574","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjpls/article/download/405/288","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015464139","display_name":"Hassan O. Bakare","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45230691","display_name":"Ladoke Akintola University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/043hyzt56","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan O., Bakare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) , Ogbomoso , Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) , Ogbomoso , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028542856","display_name":"Ojeyemi Matthew Olabemiwo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45230691","display_name":"Ladoke Akintola University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/043hyzt56","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ojeyemi M., Olabemiwo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) , Ogbomoso , Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) , Ogbomoso , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61879779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10264","display_name":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10264","display_name":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11630","display_name":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyphosphoric-acid","display_name":"polyphosphoric acid","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-bitumen","display_name":"natural bitumen","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-aging","display_name":"thermal aging","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-degradation","display_name":"oxidative degradation","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asphalt-modification","display_name":"asphalt modification","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging-index","display_name":"aging index","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asphalt-pavement-durability","display_name":"asphalt pavement durability","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melt-blending","display_name":"melt blending","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-oxidation","display_name":"chemical oxidation","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168056786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202251","display_name":"Asphalt","level":2,"score":0.8822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5741000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5601999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118820876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4672283","display_name":"Accelerated aging","level":2,"score":0.5281000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986189917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Asphalt pavement","level":3,"score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.39879998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153642686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70906","display_name":"Infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95311098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783078","display_name":"Thermal treatment","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng:article/405","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjpls/article/view/405","pdf_url":"https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjpls/article/download/405/288","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176084","display_name":"Covenant Journal of Communication","issn_l":"2354-3485","issn":["2354-3485","2354-3515","2354-354X","2354-3574"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186771145","host_organization_name":"Covenant University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2354-3574","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng:article/405","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjpls/article/view/405","pdf_url":"https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjpls/article/download/405/288","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176084","display_name":"Covenant Journal of Communication","issn_l":"2354-3485","issn":["2354-3485","2354-3515","2354-354X","2354-3574"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186771145","host_organization_name":"Covenant University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2354-3574","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220170074.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220170074.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2525500764","https://openalex.org/W2765756469","https://openalex.org/W4205490931","https://openalex.org/W2460420539","https://openalex.org/W4382982515","https://openalex.org/W3109225062","https://openalex.org/W2020265892","https://openalex.org/W4378215477","https://openalex.org/W4366989120","https://openalex.org/W7220650506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bitumen":[0],"is":[1,41],"a":[2,90,131,177,236],"complex":[3],"mixture":[4],"of":[5,18,27,46,66,77,84,103,153,158,164,179,192,196,206,210,217,222,230],"hydrocarbons":[6],"which":[7],"occurred":[8],"naturally":[9],"or":[10],"obtained":[11],"from":[12],"crude":[13],"oil":[14],"distillation.":[15],"The":[16,168],"degradation":[17,75],"bitumen":[19,40,87],"causes":[20],"its":[21,47],"rapid":[22],"aging":[23,156,190,218,242],"leading":[24],"to":[25,43,51,71,92,146,182,200],"deterioration":[26],"asphalt":[28],"based":[29],"pavement":[30],"readily":[31],"induced":[32],"by":[33],"cracking,":[34],"rutting,":[35],"potholes":[36],"etc.":[37],"Aging":[38],"in":[39,130,150,243,247],"attributed":[42],"chemical":[44],"oxidation":[45],"molecules":[48],"and":[49,58,122,155,160,170],"exposure":[50,181],"environmental":[52],"factors,":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55,176],"heat,":[56],"moisture":[57],"sunlight.":[59],"This":[60,212],"study":[61],"therefore":[62],"investigates":[63],"the":[64,73,119,148,151,189,207,215,223],"viability":[65],"using":[67,114],"polyphosphoric":[68],"acid":[69],"(PPA)":[70],"reduce":[72],"oxidative":[74],"effect":[76],"heat":[78],"(60":[79,219],"o":[80,112,137,186,220],"C)":[81,221],"on":[82],"constituents":[83],"Agbabu":[85],"natural":[86],"(ANB)":[88],"with":[89,105,204],"view":[91],"making":[93],"it":[94],"more":[95],"durable":[96],"when":[97],"used":[98,145],"for":[99,239],"road":[100],"pavement.":[101],"Modification":[102],"ANB":[104,125,154,165,173,197,225,233,244],"PPA":[106,120,161,171,193,231],"was":[107,144,226,245],"carried":[108],"out":[109],"at":[110,135,184],"150-55":[111],"C":[113],"melt":[115],"blend":[116],"technique.":[117],"Thereafter,":[118],"modified":[121,162,172,194,232],"neat":[123,159,169,208,224],"(unmodified)":[124],"samples":[126,163,174,195],"were":[127,166,198],"thermally":[128],"aged":[129,175],"hot":[132],"air":[133],"oven":[134],"60":[136,185],"C.":[138,187],"Fourier":[139],"Transform":[140],"Infrared":[141],"(FTIR)":[142],"Spectroscopy":[143],"evaluate":[147],"changes":[149],"structure":[152],"indexes":[157,191],"calculated.":[167],"result":[178],"their":[180],"temperature":[183],"However,":[188],"found":[199,246],"be":[201],"lower":[202],"compared":[203],"that":[205,214,229],"sample":[209],"ANB.":[211],"implies":[213],"rate":[216],"faster":[227],"than":[228],"samples.":[234],"Thus,":[235],"good":[237],"potential":[238],"reducing":[240],"thermal":[241],"PPA.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}