{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220165192","doi":null,"title":"Military and Internal Security Operations in Emerging Democracies: Strategies, Challenges, and Implications for National Stability","display_name":"Military and Internal Security Operations in Emerging Democracies: Strategies, Challenges, and Implications for National Stability","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220165192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.fudutsinma.ng:article/185","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://fudutsinma.ng/index.php/fjms/article/view/185","pdf_url":"http://fudutsinma.ng/index.php/fjms/article/download/185/172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407079896","display_name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES (FJMS)","issn_l":"2735-9093","issn":["2735-9093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2735-9093","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://fudutsinma.ng/index.php/fjms/article/download/185/172","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017603011","display_name":"Oluwadamilare S. Olawole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-3823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-3823"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35601441","display_name":"Osun State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00e16h982","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35601441"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"OLAWOLE, Oluwadamilare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Sciences , Osun State University , Osogbo , Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Sciences , Osun State University , Osogbo , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35601441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023327404","display_name":"Bolaji Omitola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8114-5516","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8114-5516"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35601441","display_name":"Osun State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00e16h982","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35601441"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"OMITOLA, Bolaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Sciences , Osun State University , Osogbo , Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Sciences , Osun State University , Osogbo , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35601441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076538967","display_name":"Adebowale Idowu Adeyeye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6865-0163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6865-0163"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ADEYEYE, Adebowale","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14086","display_name":"Military and Defense Studies","score":0.5435000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14086","display_name":"Military and Defense Studies","score":0.5435000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.14100000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.08540000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-security","display_name":"internal security","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-operations","display_name":"military operations","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-democracies","display_name":"new democracies","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boko-haram","display_name":"Boko Haram","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/al-shabaab","display_name":"Al-Shabaab","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigerian-military","display_name":"Nigerian military","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterinsurgency","display_name":"counterinsurgency","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civilian-control-of-the-military","display_name":"civilian control of the military","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-violations","display_name":"human rights violations","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interagency-coordination","display_name":"inter-agency coordination","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weak-institutions","display_name":"institutional weakness","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-stability","display_name":"national stability","score":0.578000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6518999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779948991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047930","display_name":"Internal security","level":3,"score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.573199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.5264999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46889999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506615639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21662260","display_name":"Command and control","level":2,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775907854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444961","display_name":"Security forces","level":3,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79165680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280151","display_name":"Security studies","level":2,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509929229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3312693","display_name":"International security","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776855904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571595","display_name":"Security sector reform","level":3,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187651312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114","display_name":"Kenya","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117110713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394676","display_name":"Network security policy","level":4,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780526558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345314","display_name":"Good governance","level":3,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83163435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3954104","display_name":"Security management","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759524","display_name":"Organizational structure","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779072820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47064","display_name":"Military personnel","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82326809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497445","display_name":"Economic security","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178148461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632136","display_name":"Security controls","level":3,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4583103","display_name":"Preparedness","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.fudutsinma.ng:article/185","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://fudutsinma.ng/index.php/fjms/article/view/185","pdf_url":"http://fudutsinma.ng/index.php/fjms/article/download/185/172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407079896","display_name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES (FJMS)","issn_l":"2735-9093","issn":["2735-9093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2735-9093","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.fudutsinma.ng:article/185","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://fudutsinma.ng/index.php/fjms/article/view/185","pdf_url":"http://fudutsinma.ng/index.php/fjms/article/download/185/172","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407079896","display_name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES (FJMS)","issn_l":"2735-9093","issn":["2735-9093"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2735-9093","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220165192.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220165192.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295414123","https://openalex.org/W4386028799","https://openalex.org/W4406198132"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172341715","https://openalex.org/W6967293728","https://openalex.org/W2963445739","https://openalex.org/W2943040416","https://openalex.org/W7220527820","https://openalex.org/W7213877932","https://openalex.org/W4388168826","https://openalex.org/W1987915879","https://openalex.org/W2183802477","https://openalex.org/W3045475501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internal":[0],"security":[1,71,154,173],"frameworks":[2],"require":[3,167],"military":[4,64,88,145],"operation":[5,65],"to":[6,32,58,121,152,170],"defend":[7],"against":[8,73],"threats":[9,155],"originating":[10],"from":[11],"inside":[12],"domesticterritory":[13],"like":[14],"insurgencies":[15],"and":[16,62,81,86,114,134,164,183],"terrorist":[17],"groups":[18],"together":[19,174],"with":[20,50,175],"organized":[21],"criminal":[22],"organizations.":[23],"The":[24,44,77,138],"research":[25,61,139],"definesmilitary":[26],"deployment":[27,30],"methods":[28],"alongside":[29,111],"barriers":[31],"evaluate":[33],"the":[34],"impact":[35],"of":[36,92,126,185],"governance":[37],"on":[38,47],"internalsecurity":[39],"development":[40],"in":[41],"democratic":[42,165,176],"nations.":[43],"study":[45],"relies":[46],"qualitative":[48],"data":[49,55],"a":[51],"Secondary":[52],"source":[53],"ingathering":[54],"which":[56],"serves":[57],"perform":[59],"exploratory":[60],"evaluates":[63],"dynamics":[66],"andgovernance":[67],"effects":[68],"while":[69],"exploring":[70],"measures":[72],"individual":[74],"rights":[75],"protection.":[76],"researchdemonstrates":[78],"Boko":[79],"Haram":[80],"Al-Shabaab":[82],"response":[83],"by":[84,178],"Nigerian":[85],"Kenyan":[87],"forces":[89],"through":[90,102],"theexamination":[91],"distinct":[93],"operational":[94],"methods.":[95],"Security":[96,118],"operations":[97,146],"generate":[98],"multiple":[99],"enduring":[100,123],"problems":[101],"theirthreat":[103],"reduction":[104],"efforts":[105],"since":[106],"they":[107],"reveal":[108],"institutional":[109],"failures":[110],"economic":[112],"limitations":[113],"human":[115],"violationsof":[116],"rights.":[117],"initiatives":[119],"fail":[120],"reach":[122],"targets":[124],"because":[125,147],"poor":[127],"coordination":[128],"between":[129],"different":[130],"agenciesalongside":[131],"weak":[132],"institutions":[133],"restricted":[135],"local":[136],"expertise.":[137],"demonstrates":[140],"civilian":[141],"control":[142],"stands":[143],"essentialfor":[144],"it":[148],"provides":[149],"communities":[150],"access":[151],"address":[153],"at":[156],"their":[157],"origin.":[158],"Securegovernance":[159],"systems":[160],"serving":[161],"national":[162,172],"defense":[163],"strength":[166,177],"continuous":[168],"implementation":[169],"providelong-lasting":[171],"ensuring":[179],"both":[180],"organizational":[181],"success":[182],"factualoversight":[184],"internal":[186],"threat":[187],"management.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}