{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220098746","doi":null,"title":"Evidence obtained by artificial intelligence and its evidentiary value: A study on Iraqi evidence law","display_name":"Evidence obtained by artificial intelligence and its evidentiary value: A study on Iraqi evidence law","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220098746"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq:article/244","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/view/244","pdf_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/download/244/151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075684","display_name":"Al-Madarat Scientific Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2791-2396","issn":["2791-2396","3005-933X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4389425452","host_organization_name":"Al-Idrisi University College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425452"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2791-2396","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/download/244/151","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157049760","display_name":"\u0645. \u062f. \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27768575","display_name":"University of Anbar","ror":"https://ror.org/055a6gk50","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27768575"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0645. \u0645. \u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27768575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030587406","display_name":"Rana Sadiq Mahmood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rana Sadiq Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77472348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.5830000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.5830000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.2727000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14171","display_name":"Education, Law, and Society","score":0.09969999641180038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence-law","display_name":"evidence law","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidentiary-value","display_name":"evidentiary value","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-discretion","display_name":"judicial discretion","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-belief","display_name":"judicial belief","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-generated-evidence","display_name":"AI-generated evidence","score":0.5590000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159926677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852633","display_name":"Admissible evidence","level":2,"score":0.3855000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5440424","display_name":"Federal Rules of Evidence","level":2,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779619698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176763","display_name":"Rules of evidence","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25200000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80114427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634260","display_name":"Circumstantial evidence","level":2,"score":0.24220000207424164}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq:article/244","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/view/244","pdf_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/download/244/151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075684","display_name":"Al-Madarat Scientific Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2791-2396","issn":["2791-2396","3005-933X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4389425452","host_organization_name":"Al-Idrisi University College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425452"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2791-2396","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq:article/244","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/view/244","pdf_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/download/244/151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075684","display_name":"Al-Madarat Scientific Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2791-2396","issn":["2791-2396","3005-933X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4389425452","host_organization_name":"Al-Idrisi University College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425452"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2791-2396","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220098746.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220098746.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140190940","https://openalex.org/W7203573240","https://openalex.org/W7171089376","https://openalex.org/W4414582812","https://openalex.org/W7212145616","https://openalex.org/W7134194436","https://openalex.org/W7219407097","https://openalex.org/W4413599345","https://openalex.org/W7201953927","https://openalex.org/W6909878792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0625\u0646":[0],"\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a":[2,27],"\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639":[3],"\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647":[4],"\u0639\u0646\u062f":[5,25],"\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647":[6],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649":[7],"\u0648\u0645\u0627":[8],"\u0647\u0648":[9],"\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642":[10],"\u0628\u0647\u0627":[11],"\u0645\u0646":[12,40,53,101],"\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629":[13],"\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646":[14],"\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642":[15],"\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645":[16],"\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645":[17],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[18],"\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644":[19],"\u0627\u0644\u0649":[20,76],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645":[21],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c":[22],"\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646":[23],"\u0630\u0644\u0643":[24],"\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629":[26],"\u0628\u0645\u0627":[28],"\u064a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0647":[29],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a":[30],"\u0627\u0648":[31,56,58],"\u0645\u0627":[32],"\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639":[33],"\u0628\u0647":[34],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0649":[35],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647":[36],"\u0642\u062f":[37],"\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646":[38],"\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0629":[39],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621":[41,85,93],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c":[42],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[43,69],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[44],"\u0644\u0627":[45],"\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645":[46],"\u0627\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628":[47],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635":[48],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a":[49,72],"\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627":[50],"\u0639\u0646\u0647":[51,63],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631":[52],"\u062d\u064a\u062b":[54],"\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647":[55],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647":[57],"\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647":[59],"\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647":[60],"\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646":[61],"\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c":[62],"\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c":[64],"\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629":[65],"\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b.":[66],"\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a":[67],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[68,96],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639":[70],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[71],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0635":[73],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a":[74],"\u0648\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627":[75],"\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646":[77],"\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627":[78],"\u0641\u064a":[79],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644":[80],"\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629":[81],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629":[82,90],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629":[83,91],"\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":[84,92],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a":[86,94],"\u0648\u0641\u064a":[87],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a":[88],"\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0629":[89],"\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0627":[95],"\u0628\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629":[97],"\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627":[98],"\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627":[99],"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a":[102],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-18T09:31:52.927876","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}
