{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220089986","doi":null,"title":"The legal system of the World Trade Organization - (WTO)","display_name":"The legal system of the World Trade Organization - (WTO)","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220089986"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repo.journal.aau.edu.so:article/12","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.aau.edu.so/index.php/index/article/view/12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407081253","display_name":"Afro-Asian Journal of Human Sciences","issn_l":"3104-6398","issn":["3104-6398"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3104-6398","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.aau.edu.so/index.php/index/article/view/12","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156980937","display_name":"\u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a, \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157279173","display_name":"Majid Hussein Ali Hammadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Hammadi, Majid Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76832951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14012","display_name":"Comparative and International Law Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-trade-organization","display_name":"World Trade Organization","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade-law","display_name":"international trade law","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-agreements","display_name":"trade agreements","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-dispute-settlement","display_name":"trade dispute settlement","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-trade","display_name":"free trade","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade-organization","display_name":"international trade organizations","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-policy","display_name":"trade policy","score":0.5220000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.6498000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993305921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8036315","display_name":"World trade","level":2,"score":0.5497999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.3855000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506295513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729438","display_name":"Economic integration","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repo.journal.aau.edu.so:article/12","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.aau.edu.so/index.php/index/article/view/12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407081253","display_name":"Afro-Asian Journal of Human Sciences","issn_l":"3104-6398","issn":["3104-6398"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3104-6398","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repo.journal.aau.edu.so:article/12","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.aau.edu.so/index.php/index/article/view/12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407081253","display_name":"Afro-Asian Journal of Human Sciences","issn_l":"3104-6398","issn":["3104-6398"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3104-6398","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4307328804","https://openalex.org/W3203265968","https://openalex.org/W4285117464","https://openalex.org/W4234670626","https://openalex.org/W2239682536","https://openalex.org/W7083623276","https://openalex.org/W3033633181","https://openalex.org/W4250781194","https://openalex.org/W4233313823","https://openalex.org/W1588509458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635:":[0],"\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629":[2,15,35,135],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629":[3,8],"\u0647\u064a":[4],"\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649":[5],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a":[6,125],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629":[7,30,70,93,111,126],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[9,32,128],"\u0623\u0633\u0646\u062f":[10],"\u0644\u0647\u0627":[11,132],"\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629":[12],"\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646":[13],"\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628":[14],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[16,62,68,82],"\u062f\u0648\u0644":[17,41],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645":[18,42],"\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631":[19],"\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631":[20],"\u0645\u0646":[21,40,72,112],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c":[22],"\u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646":[23],"\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629":[24],"\u062a\u0644\u0643":[25],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c":[26],"\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f":[27],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[28,55],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629":[29,56,104],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629":[31],"\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635":[33],"\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646":[34],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c":[36],"\u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645":[37],"(160)":[38],"\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629":[39,49],"\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639":[43],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629":[44],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c":[45],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629":[46],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[47],"(24)":[48],"\u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629":[50],"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628.":[51],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[52],"\u0648\u0645\u0646":[53],"\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645":[54],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641":[57],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[58,99,107],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a":[59],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629":[60],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629":[61,95],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644":[63,105],"\u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c":[64],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644":[65],"\u0643\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649":[66],"\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636":[67],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a":[69],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629":[71,110],"\u0623\u062c\u0644":[73],"\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639":[74],"\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a":[75],"\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629":[76],"\u0623\u0648":[77,119],"\u0641\u0636":[78],"\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a":[79],"\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629":[80],"\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629":[81],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c":[83],"\u0645\u0639":[84,124],"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629":[85],"\u0645\u0646\u0639":[86],"\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627":[87],"\u0641\u064a":[88,96,117],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633":[89],"\u0639\u0628\u0631":[90],"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629":[91],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a":[92],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629":[94],"\u0638\u0644":[97],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a":[98],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b":[101],"\u0643\u0645\u0627":[102],"\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f":[103],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629":[106],"\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629":[108],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a":[109],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[113],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645":[114],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a":[115],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644":[116],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628":[118],"\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645":[120],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c":[121],"\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643":[122],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646":[123],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649":[127],"\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646":[129],"\u0623\u0646":[130],"\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646":[131],"\u0635\u0644\u0629":[133],"\u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639":[134],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}