{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220001448","doi":null,"title":"Procedures for appealing criminal rulings issued against judges- A comparative study","display_name":"Procedures for appealing criminal rulings issued against judges- A comparative study","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220001448"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq:article/33","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/view/33","pdf_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/download/33/12","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075684","display_name":"Al-Madarat Scientific Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2791-2396","issn":["2791-2396","3005-933X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4389425452","host_organization_name":"Al-Idrisi University College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425452"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2791-2396","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/download/33/12","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034864655","display_name":"\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u062c\u0627\u062c","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425452","display_name":"Al-Idrisi University College","ror":"https://ror.org/00kr9ba60","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425452"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0639\u062c\u0627\u062c, \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425452"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157191263","display_name":"Khaled Mohamed Ajaj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajaj, Khaled Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74258647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.8184000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.8184000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.08389999717473984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.04010000079870224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-misconduct","display_name":"judicial misconduct","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-accountability","display_name":"judicial accountability","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-independence","display_name":"judicial independence","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-immunity","display_name":"judicial immunity","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-procedure","display_name":"criminal procedure","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-power","display_name":"judicial power","score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-law","display_name":"comparative law","score":0.6190000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.24570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.24549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.24289999902248383}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq:article/33","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/view/33","pdf_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/download/33/12","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075684","display_name":"Al-Madarat Scientific Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2791-2396","issn":["2791-2396","3005-933X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4389425452","host_organization_name":"Al-Idrisi University College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425452"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2791-2396","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq:article/33","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/view/33","pdf_url":"https://almadarat.idrisi.edu.iq/index.php/madarat/article/download/33/12","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075684","display_name":"Al-Madarat Scientific Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2791-2396","issn":["2791-2396","3005-933X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4389425452","host_organization_name":"Al-Idrisi University College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4389425452"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2791-2396","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220001448.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220001448.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220813233","https://openalex.org/W2916850809","https://openalex.org/W4391941395","https://openalex.org/W4402015084","https://openalex.org/W7221445021","https://openalex.org/W4366975285","https://openalex.org/W7208838331","https://openalex.org/W7218221665","https://openalex.org/W4402347599","https://openalex.org/W2949545778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064f":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a":[1,73,184],"\u0639\u064f\u0636\u0648\u0627":[2],"\u0641\u064a":[3,9,27,39,86,140,200],"\u0633\u0644\u064f\u0637\u0629":[4],"\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629":[5],"\u064a\u064f\u0624\u062f\u064a":[6],"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b":[7],"\u0645\u064f\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b":[8],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639":[10],"\u0645\u0646":[11,82,103,124,133,136,157,167,171],"\u062e\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0644":[12],"\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647":[13],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c":[14],"\u0641\u064e\u0647\u0648":[15],"\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0633":[16],"\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0631\u062f":[17],"\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0638\u0641":[18],"\u064a\u064e\u0642\u0648\u0645":[19],"\u0628\u0650\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645":[20],"\u062e\u0650\u062f\u0645\u0629":[21],"\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629":[22],"\u0636\u0650\u0645\u0646\u064e":[23],"\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631":[24],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629":[25],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629":[26],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c":[28],"\u0625\u0646\u064e\u0645\u0627":[29],"\u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u064e":[30],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[31,129],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0643\u0632":[32],"\u0643\u064e\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f":[33],"\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a":[34],"\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629":[35],"\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629":[36],"\u0648\u0647\u064a":[37],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644":[38],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a":[40],"\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621":[41],"\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a":[42],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[43],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c":[44],"\u0627\u0648":[45],"\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645":[46],"\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646":[47],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.":[48],"\u0625\u0646\u064e":[49,115],"\u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621":[50],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629":[51,207],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[52],"\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642":[53],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645":[54],"\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f":[55],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629":[56],"\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a":[57],"\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629":[58],"\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641":[59],"\u0639\u0646":[60,112],"\u062a\u0644\u0643":[61],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[62,161],"\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639":[63],"\u0644\u0647\u0627":[64],"\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a":[65],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629":[66],"\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645":[67],"\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628":[68],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[69,141],"\u062e\u0627\u0635":[70],"\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c":[71],"\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628":[72],"\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064d":[74],"\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645":[75],"\u064a\u064e\u062e\u0644\u064f":[76],"\u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647":[77],"\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645":[78],"\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647":[79],"\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064a\u0647":[80],"\u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645":[81],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629":[83,97],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0629":[84],"\u0644\u0647":[85,132],"\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629":[87],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a":[88,198],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061b":[89],"\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643":[90],"\u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0629":[91],"\u062f\u0648\u0646":[92],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644":[93],"\u0628\u0639\u0636":[94],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629":[95,120,155,166],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[96,197],"\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0644":[98],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[99],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c":[100],"\u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629":[101],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0644":[102],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629":[104,111],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c":[105],"\u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a":[106],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629":[107],"\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a":[108],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[109,146],"\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631":[110],"\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644":[113],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629.":[114],"\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f":[116],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629":[117],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629":[118],"\u0628\u062d\u0642":[119,154],"\u0644\u0627":[121,179],"\u064a\u062a\u0645":[122],"\u0625\u0644\u0627":[123],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[125],"\u062d\u0643\u0645":[126],"\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c":[127],"\u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631":[128],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645":[130,174],"\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f":[131],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631":[134],"\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629":[135],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a":[137],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635":[138],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627":[139],"\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644":[142],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a":[143],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[144],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631":[145],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629":[147],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629":[148],"\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642.":[149],"\u0627\u0646\u064e":[150],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0639\u0646":[151],"\u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645":[152],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629":[153],"\u064a\u0639\u062f":[156],"\u0623\u0647\u0645":[158],"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a":[159],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629":[160],"\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a":[162],"\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c":[163],"\u0625\u0630":[164],"\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646":[165],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646":[168],"\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627":[169],"\u0628\u0647\u0627":[170],"\u0627\u062c\u0644":[172],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621":[173],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631":[175],"\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639":[176],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629":[177],"\u0641\u0642\u062f":[178],"\u064a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u0628":[180],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644":[181],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[182],"\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u064f":[183],"\u0647\u062a\u0643":[185],"\u062d\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647":[186],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633":[187],"\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647":[188],"\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636":[189],"\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629":[190],"\u0628\u062d\u0642\u0647.":[191],"\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649":[192],"\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633":[193],"\u0630\u0644\u0643":[194],"\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642":[195],"\u0627\u0644\u0649":[196],"\u0644\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646":[199],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c":[201],"\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646":[202],"\u0645\u062f\u0649":[203],"\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627":[204],"\u0645\u0639":[205],"\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629":[206],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}