{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7219983044","doi":null,"title":"Entrepreneurship Development in Balochistan: A Policy Instrument for Enhancing Youth Engagement, Peacebuilding, and Socioeconomic Inclusion","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Development in Balochistan: A Policy Instrument for Enhancing Youth Engagement, Peacebuilding, and Socioeconomic Inclusion","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7219983044"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pjssrjournal.com:article/776","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pjssrjournal.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/776","pdf_url":"https://pjssrjournal.com/index.php/Journal/article/download/776/778","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075284","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Social Science Review","issn_l":"2959-8044","issn":["2959-8044","2959-8052"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2959-8044","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://pjssrjournal.com/index.php/Journal/article/download/776/778","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154156878","display_name":"Dr. Anjum Parvez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129295671","display_name":"Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qyt4p67","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129295671"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Anjum Parvez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Dean (Faculty of Management & Computer Sciences), Sardar Bahadur Khan Women\u2019s University, Quetta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Dean (Faculty of Management & Computer Sciences), Sardar Bahadur Khan Women\u2019s University, Quetta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129295671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025961258","display_name":"Kamran Naeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-2274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-2274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260038","display_name":"Mir Chakar Khan Rind University","ror":"https://ror.org/0340twe86","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260038"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Naeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Mir chakar Khan Rind University Sibi, Balochistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Mir chakar Khan Rind University Sibi, Balochistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093284012","display_name":"Naveeda Irum Warsi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20561161","display_name":"University of Balochistan","ror":"https://ror.org/04bf33n91","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20561161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveeda Iram Warsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Balochistan, Quetta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Balochistan, Quetta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20561161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.8974999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.8974999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13872","display_name":"Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education","score":0.0471000000834465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship-development","display_name":"entrepreneurship development","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-participation","display_name":"youth participation","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peacebuilding","display_name":"peacebuilding","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-inclusion","display_name":"socioeconomic inclusion","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-unemployment","display_name":"youth unemployment","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-disengagement","display_name":"youth disengagement","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship-policy","display_name":"entrepreneurship policy","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-finance","display_name":"access to finance","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship-education","display_name":"entrepreneurship education","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-empowerment","display_name":"youth empowerment","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-livelihoods","display_name":"sustainable livelihoods","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balochistan","display_name":"Balochistan","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underdeveloped-regions","display_name":"underdeveloped regions","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-implementation-gap","display_name":"policy implementation gap","score":0.6380000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.8054999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5669000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42298096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomic development","level":2,"score":0.5302000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.4839000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779082914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817245","display_name":"Social entrepreneurship","level":3,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25740722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044915","display_name":"Disengagement theory","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780526558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345314","display_name":"Good governance","level":3,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134659438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5853064","display_name":"Social exclusion","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206836424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1510761","display_name":"Social change","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513891491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181865","display_name":"Civil society","level":3,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781252542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440040","display_name":"Youth participation","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21788436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233299","display_name":"Positive Youth Development","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73374054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2995667","display_name":"Economic stability","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pjssrjournal.com:article/776","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pjssrjournal.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/776","pdf_url":"https://pjssrjournal.com/index.php/Journal/article/download/776/778","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075284","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Social Science Review","issn_l":"2959-8044","issn":["2959-8044","2959-8052"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2959-8044","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pjssrjournal.com:article/776","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pjssrjournal.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/776","pdf_url":"https://pjssrjournal.com/index.php/Journal/article/download/776/778","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075284","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Social Science Review","issn_l":"2959-8044","issn":["2959-8044","2959-8052"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2959-8044","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.8928999900817871,"display_name":"No poverty"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7219983044.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7219983044.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220781061","https://openalex.org/W7216623804","https://openalex.org/W7220061498","https://openalex.org/W7168284904","https://openalex.org/W4414763306","https://openalex.org/W7216451940","https://openalex.org/W7220261907","https://openalex.org/W7204691348","https://openalex.org/W7220007103","https://openalex.org/W7155380910"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Entrepreneurship":[0],"has":[1],"increasingly":[2],"been":[3],"recognized":[4],"as":[5,88,193],"a":[6,89,135,166],"strategic":[7],"policy":[8,67,90,140,205],"tool":[9],"for":[10,92,223],"addressing":[11],"youth":[12,33,72,94,148,183,225],"disengagement,":[13],"unemployment,":[14],"and":[15,29,39,44,65,98,113,116,126,150,158,187,204,217,229],"socio-political":[16],"instability":[17],"in":[18,51,74,102,122,234],"underdeveloped":[19],"regions.":[20],"In":[21],"Balochistan,":[22],"where":[23],"limited":[24,58,194],"economic":[25,43,76],"opportunities,":[26],"governance":[27],"challenges,":[28],"social":[30,188],"exclusion":[31],"persist,":[32],"remain":[34],"particularly":[35],"vulnerable":[36],"to":[37,60,81,106,164,182,196],"marginalization":[38],"disengagement":[40],"from":[41,147,155],"constructive":[42],"civic":[45],"processes.":[46],"The":[47,132,173,211],"core":[48],"problem":[49],"lies":[50],"the":[52,83,118,170],"absence":[53],"of":[54,85,120,169,199],"structured":[55],"entrepreneurship":[56,86,121,177,219],"ecosystems,":[57],"access":[59,195],"finance,":[61],"weak":[62],"institutional":[63,114],"support,":[64],"inadequate":[66],"coordination,":[68],"which":[69],"collectively":[70],"hinder":[71],"participation":[73],"productive":[75],"activities.":[77],"This":[78],"study":[79,212],"aims":[80],"examine":[82],"role":[84],"development":[87,159,178,233],"instrument":[91],"promoting":[93,227],"engagement,":[95],"fostering":[96],"peacebuilding,":[97,228],"enhancing":[99],"socioeconomic":[100,232],"inclusion":[101],"Balochistan.":[103,235],"It":[104],"seeks":[105],"evaluate":[107],"existing":[108],"government":[109,156],"initiatives,":[110],"identify":[111],"structural":[112],"barriers,":[115],"explore":[117],"potential":[119],"creating":[123],"sustainable":[124,231],"livelihoods":[125],"reducing":[127],"socio-economic":[128],"grievances":[129],"among":[130],"youth.":[131],"research":[133],"adopts":[134],"mixed-method":[136],"approach,":[137],"combining":[138],"qualitative":[139],"analysis":[141],"with":[142],"quantitative":[143],"survey":[144],"data":[145,154],"collected":[146],"entrepreneurs":[149],"relevant":[151],"stakeholders.":[152],"Secondary":[153],"reports":[157],"agencies":[160],"is":[161],"also":[162],"utilized":[163],"provide":[165],"comprehensive":[167],"understanding":[168],"entrepreneurial":[171,200],"landscape.":[172],"findings":[174],"suggest":[175],"that":[176,214],"can":[179],"significantly":[180],"contribute":[181],"empowerment,":[184],"income":[185],"generation,":[186],"stability.":[189],"However,":[190],"challenges":[191],"such":[192],"capital,":[197],"lack":[198],"education,":[201],"infrastructural":[202],"deficits,":[203],"implementation":[206],"gaps":[207],"constrain":[208],"its":[209],"effectiveness.":[210],"concludes":[213],"targeted,":[215],"inclusive,":[216],"context-specific":[218],"policies":[220],"are":[221],"essential":[222],"strengthening":[224],"participation,":[226],"ensuring":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-19T09:35:57.686232","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}