{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7219940224","doi":null,"title":"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627: \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 1918\u0645-1946\u0645","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627: \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 1918\u0645-1946\u0645","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7219940224"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.mu-journal.com:article/45","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mu-journal.com/index.php/mu/article/view/45","pdf_url":"https://mu-journal.com/index.php/mu/article/download/45/43","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075701","display_name":"MU Journal","issn_l":"2709-3743","issn":["2709-3743"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2709-3743","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://mu-journal.com/index.php/mu/article/download/45/43","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157017950","display_name":"\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157017950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56486868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10794","display_name":"Islamic Studies and History","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12585","display_name":"North African History and Literature","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/french-mandate-for-lebanon","display_name":"French Mandate for Lebanon","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lebanese-independence","display_name":"Lebanese independence","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lebanese-identity","display_name":"Lebanese identity","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arab-nationalism","display_name":"Arab nationalism","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sectarianism","display_name":"sectarianism","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunni-shia-relations","display_name":"Sunni-Shia relations","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/french-colonialism","display_name":"French colonialism","score":0.382999986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19869999587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.19499999284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1906999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1860000044107437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.18389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.16580000519752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.16410000622272491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16120000183582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.15870000422000885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.mu-journal.com:article/45","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mu-journal.com/index.php/mu/article/view/45","pdf_url":"https://mu-journal.com/index.php/mu/article/download/45/43","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075701","display_name":"MU Journal","issn_l":"2709-3743","issn":["2709-3743"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2709-3743","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.mu-journal.com:article/45","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mu-journal.com/index.php/mu/article/view/45","pdf_url":"https://mu-journal.com/index.php/mu/article/download/45/43","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075701","display_name":"MU Journal","issn_l":"2709-3743","issn":["2709-3743"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2709-3743","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7219940224.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7219940224.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W395688715","https://openalex.org/W7220091072","https://openalex.org/W4412756388","https://openalex.org/W7153182334","https://openalex.org/W7216838700","https://openalex.org/W1561905686","https://openalex.org/W4313731228","https://openalex.org/W3082449344","https://openalex.org/W2997476589","https://openalex.org/W7110502294"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0634\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644\u062a":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629":[1,55,78,85,93,103],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629":[2,26],"\u0645\u0639":[3,169],"\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646":[4,46,151,216],"\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629":[5],"\u0645\u0646":[6,163],"\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645":[7],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a":[8,25],"\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627":[9],"\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629":[10],"\u0641\u064a":[11,36,86,94,98,104,110,141,215,223],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a":[12],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629":[13],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629":[14],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c":[15],"\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627":[16],"\u0645\u0627":[17],"\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627":[18],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[19,48,150,218],"\u0637\u0631\u062d":[20],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0624\u0627\u0644":[21],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651:":[22],"\u0643\u064a\u0641":[23],"\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a":[24],"\u2013":[27],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629":[28],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[29,108,128],"\u0636\u0648\u0621":[30],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639":[31],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629":[32],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0634\u0629":[33],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[34,40,63,79,113],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646":[35],"\u0638\u0644":[37],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f":[38,88],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651":[39,107],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645":[41],"1918\u0645-1946\u0645\u060c":[42],"(\u0645\u0627":[43],"\u0642\u0628\u0644":[44],"\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646":[45,49],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631":[47],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644)\u061f":[50],"\u0644\u0627":[51],"\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627":[52],"\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651":[53],"\u062a\u0644\u0643":[54],"\u0644\u0645":[56],"\u062a\u0643\u0646":[57],"\u0648\u0641\u0642":[58],"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631":[59],"\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u061b":[60],"\u0628\u0644":[61],"\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u062a":[62],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629":[64],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629":[65],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629":[66],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629":[67],"\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c":[68],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639":[69],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.":[70],"\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643":[71],"\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b":[72],"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644":[73],"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629":[74],"\u062a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0651\u0645":[75],"\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629":[76],"\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f":[77],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646":[80],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646":[81],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629:":[82],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629":[83,90,101],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:":[84],"\u0638\u0644\u0651":[87,95,105,111],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651.":[89],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629":[91],":":[92],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629":[96],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629":[97],"\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642":[99],"1918\u0645-1920\u0645.":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629:":[102],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628":[106],"\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.":[109],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633":[112],"\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646":[114],"\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646":[115],"\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646:":[116],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629":[117],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c":[118],"\u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f":[119],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064a\u0639\u0629":[120,188,214],"\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645":[121],"\u0639\u0646":[122,181],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u061b":[123],"\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647":[124],"\u0643\u0627\u0646":[125,196],"\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642":[126],"\u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643":[127],"\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u064a":[129],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u061b":[130],"\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627":[131],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0627":[132],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a":[133],"\u0630\u064a":[134],"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629":[135],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.":[136],"\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c":[137],"\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627":[138],"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645":[139],"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0651":[140],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629":[142],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c":[143],"\u0641\u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627":[144],"\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647.":[145],"\u0641\u0647\u0645":[146],"\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627":[147],"\u0622\u062e\u0631":[148],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646":[149],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c":[152],"\u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631":[153],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646":[154],"\u0628\u0647":[155],"\u0628\u0639\u062f":[156],"\u0623\u0646":[157,199],"\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0627":[158],"\u0623\u0646\u0651":[159],"\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645":[160],"\u0647\u0648":[161],"\u062c\u0632\u0621":[162],"\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641":[164],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629":[165],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629":[166,173],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c":[167],"\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645":[168],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0629":[170],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629":[171],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629":[172],"\u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a":[174],"\u0622\u0645\u0646\u062a":[175],"\u0647\u064a":[176],"\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627":[177],"\u0628\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646":[178],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f":[179],"\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627":[180],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0631\u0629":[182],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639\u0629":[183],"\u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a":[184],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a":[185],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062d\u064a\u0642.":[186],"\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649":[187],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639":[189],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a":[190],"\u062e\u0644\u0641":[191],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0629\u061b":[192],"\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651":[193],"\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0647\u0645":[194],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633":[195],"\u0648\u0644\u0627":[197],"\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644":[198],"\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646":[200],"\u0644\u0647\u0645":[201],"\u0648\u0637\u0646":[202],"\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649":[203],"\u0641\u064a\u0647":[204,207],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642":[205],"\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0648":[206],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629...":[208],"\u0648\u0641\u064a":[209],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c":[210],"\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a":[211],"\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c":[212],"\u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a":[213],"\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646":[217],"\u0646\u064a\u0644":[219],"\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645":[220],"\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645":[221],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651":[222],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f":[224],"\u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a":[225],"\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0648\u0647":[226],"\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627":[227],"\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627":[228],"\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}