{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7219716771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.751615","title":"Voluntary engagement predicts recovery across rehabilitation time points after experimental spinal cord injury","display_name":"Voluntary engagement predicts recovery across rehabilitation time points after experimental spinal cord injury","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7219716771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.751615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.28.751615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.751615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.751615","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/04/2026.09.28.751615.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/04/2026.09.28.751615.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043171287","display_name":"Jarred M. Griffin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3013-8057","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3013-8057"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801533059","display_name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043j0f473","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2801533059","https://openalex.org/I4405256427"]}],"countries":["DE","NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jarred M. Griffin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cure Programme, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany","School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3013-8057","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cure Programme, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801533059"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153500907","display_name":"Panagiotis Papaioannou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3609-6054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3609-6054"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Papaioannou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cure Programme, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3609-6054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cure Programme, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153412454","display_name":"Rohan Menon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801533059","display_name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043j0f473","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2801533059","https://openalex.org/I4405256427"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohan Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801533059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153550225","display_name":"Olivia Cheyne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivia Cheyne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050241759","display_name":"Simon C. Kellaway","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5262-792X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5262-792X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Kellaway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cure Programme, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5262-792X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cure Programme, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046913723","display_name":"Darren M. Svirskis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-1773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-1773"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren Svirskis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cure Programme, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-1773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cure Programme, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059204358","display_name":"Catherine R. Jutzeler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7167-8271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7167-8271"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Jutzeler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7167-8271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054125078","display_name":"N. Ahmad Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-458X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-458X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799391451","display_name":"University Hospital Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/01xnwqx93","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799391451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801533059","display_name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043j0f473","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2801533059","https://openalex.org/I4405256427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093117","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Biometrie, Informatik und Epidemiologie","ror":"https://ror.org/00hyd8090","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700","https://openalex.org/I4210093117"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","Population & Clinical Neuroepidemiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-458X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700","https://openalex.org/I2799391451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700","https://openalex.org/I4210093117"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Population & Clinical Neuroepidemiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801533059"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089660556","display_name":"Frank Bradke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0345-3772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0345-3772"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801533059","display_name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043j0f473","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2801533059","https://openalex.org/I4405256427"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank Bradke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0345-3772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801533059"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043171287","https://openalex.org/A5089660556"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895","https://openalex.org/I2801533059"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10483","display_name":"Nerve injury and regeneration","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord-injury","display_name":"spinal cord injury","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-recovery","display_name":"functional recovery","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-enrichment","display_name":"environmental enrichment","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-oriented-training","display_name":"task-oriented training","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation-timing","display_name":"rehabilitation timing","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-window","display_name":"therapeutic window","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"stress","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rodent-models","display_name":"rodent models","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translational-research","display_name":"translational research","score":0.6320000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.8708999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6822999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6571999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415275","display_name":"Spinal cord injury","level":3,"score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5705000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5113000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.24779999256134033}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.28.751615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.751615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.751615","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/04/2026.09.28.751615.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.28.751615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.751615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.751615","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/04/2026.09.28.751615.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G107283358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFB 1451","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1346782270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTG-1960","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1547223429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFB-1158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G195628441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFB1089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G645767916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SPP 2395","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7094710003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFB1690","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7429559986","display_name":"SFB 1089: Funktion synaptischer Mikronetzwerke und deren St\u00f6rungen bei Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems","funder_award_id":"227953431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320811","display_name":"CatWalk Spinal Cord Injury Research Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/05sewvy06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320921","display_name":"International Foundation for Research in Paraplegia","ror":"https://ror.org/04hhnrj18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7219716771.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7219716771.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1414997444","https://openalex.org/W1593010045","https://openalex.org/W1968885581","https://openalex.org/W1971771812","https://openalex.org/W1974432822","https://openalex.org/W1975524579","https://openalex.org/W1981150185","https://openalex.org/W1982136112","https://openalex.org/W1983891257","https://openalex.org/W1984239021","https://openalex.org/W1999954564","https://openalex.org/W2006875006","https://openalex.org/W2017856054","https://openalex.org/W2021814541","https://openalex.org/W2023911754","https://openalex.org/W2024606323","https://openalex.org/W2030444180","https://openalex.org/W2048592035","https://openalex.org/W2058116209","https://openalex.org/W2065804315","https://openalex.org/W2080441242","https://openalex.org/W2083739396","https://openalex.org/W2084357882","https://openalex.org/W2086645795","https://openalex.org/W2089959131","https://openalex.org/W2094215712","https://openalex.org/W2098436858","https://openalex.org/W2099359509","https://openalex.org/W2103724490","https://openalex.org/W2110228129","https://openalex.org/W2121526704","https://openalex.org/W2149253541","https://openalex.org/W2153195817","https://openalex.org/W2170645579","https://openalex.org/W2183411362","https://openalex.org/W2270524122","https://openalex.org/W2324658028","https://openalex.org/W2484283047","https://openalex.org/W2528034215","https://openalex.org/W2620759028","https://openalex.org/W2751984732","https://openalex.org/W2753790124","https://openalex.org/W2782912443","https://openalex.org/W2841165610","https://openalex.org/W2885666522","https://openalex.org/W2904639270","https://openalex.org/W2917550409","https://openalex.org/W2939196396","https://openalex.org/W2940379422","https://openalex.org/W2943317073","https://openalex.org/W2945745581","https://openalex.org/W2966864970","https://openalex.org/W2994627311","https://openalex.org/W3007449185","https://openalex.org/W3039759708","https://openalex.org/W3045944595","https://openalex.org/W3081870572","https://openalex.org/W3096442284","https://openalex.org/W3112643301","https://openalex.org/W3118149532","https://openalex.org/W3188179946","https://openalex.org/W3188722327","https://openalex.org/W3209631663","https://openalex.org/W4220837958","https://openalex.org/W4281607170","https://openalex.org/W4288045250","https://openalex.org/W4298004460","https://openalex.org/W4312219824","https://openalex.org/W4317715879","https://openalex.org/W4377966991","https://openalex.org/W4384820018","https://openalex.org/W4385719026","https://openalex.org/W4392159045","https://openalex.org/W4393870520","https://openalex.org/W4405535345","https://openalex.org/W4405608873","https://openalex.org/W4406018957","https://openalex.org/W4406268027","https://openalex.org/W4407613535","https://openalex.org/W4407928418","https://openalex.org/W4408251072","https://openalex.org/W4414874074","https://openalex.org/W7130354306","https://openalex.org/W7131814799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110820385","https://openalex.org/W4394719735","https://openalex.org/W2030444180","https://openalex.org/W2087560570","https://openalex.org/W4406268027","https://openalex.org/W2753790124","https://openalex.org/W4298004460","https://openalex.org/W2885666522","https://openalex.org/W2810537356","https://openalex.org/W360942775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Rehabilitation":[1,75,140,163],"is":[2,14],"the":[3,25,29,41,98,157],"cornerstone":[4],"of":[5,31,44,52,193,246],"clinical":[6],"care":[7],"following":[8],"spinal":[9,248],"cord":[10,249],"injury":[11,91],"(SCI)":[12],"and":[13,61,160,187,197,216,222],"frequently":[15],"incorporated":[16],"into":[17],"preclinical":[18,45,54],"studies":[19,55],"to":[20,65,120,132],"evaluate":[21],"emerging":[22,232],"therapies.":[23,234],"However,":[24],"variables":[26],"that":[27,174,212],"influence":[28],"effectiveness":[30],"rehabilitation":[32,72,109,122,134,184,210,225,240],"interventions":[33],"in":[34,87],"rodent":[35],"models":[36],"remain":[37],"poorly":[38],"characterized,":[39],"limiting":[40],"translational":[42,229],"value":[43],"research.":[46],"Here,":[47],"we":[48],"performed":[49],"a":[50,199],"meta-analysis":[51],"150":[53],"comprising":[56],"more":[57],"than":[58,89],"3000":[59],"rodents":[60],"292":[62],"effect":[63],"sizes":[64],"identify":[66,183],"such":[67],"factors":[68],"associated":[69,112,124,165],"with":[70,83,105,113,125,151,166],"successful":[71],"after":[73,149,195],"SCI.":[74],"improved":[76,114,141],"functional":[77,242],"outcomes":[78,142],"across":[79,244],"multiple":[80],"behavioral":[81],"domains,":[82],"larger":[84],"effects":[85],"observed":[86],"thoracic":[88],"cervical":[90],"models.":[92],"Meta-regression":[93],"identified":[94],"environmental":[95],"enrichment":[96],"as":[97,190],"most":[99],"effective":[100,221],"strategy,":[101],"particularly":[102],"when":[103,143,154],"combined":[104],"task-specific":[106],"training.":[107],"Longer":[108],"duration":[110],"was":[111,123],"recovery,":[115],"whereas":[116,251],"greater":[117,152],"daily":[118],"exposure":[119],"forced":[121,253],"smaller":[126],"gains.":[127],"In":[128],"contrast,":[129],"prolonged":[130,252],"access":[131],"voluntary":[133,209,239],"did":[135],"not":[136],"show":[137],"this":[138],"relationship.":[139],"initiated":[144,155],"at":[145],"all":[146],"time":[147],"points":[148],"injury,":[150,250],"benefits":[153],"during":[156],"late":[158],"subacute":[159],"intermediate":[161],"phases.":[162],"approaches":[164],"higher":[167],"stress":[168,175],"burden":[169],"produced":[170],"reduced":[171],"benefits,":[172],"suggesting":[173],"may":[176,255],"limit":[177],"rehabilitation-induced":[178],"recovery.":[179],"Collectively,":[180],"these":[181],"findings":[182],"type,":[185],"duration,":[186],"delivery":[188],"context":[189],"important":[191],"determinants":[192],"recovery":[194,243],"SCI":[196,233],"support":[198],"broad":[200],"therapeutic":[201],"window":[202],"for":[203,219,231],"intervention.":[204],"Our":[205],"results":[206],"favor":[207],"low-stress,":[208],"strategies":[211],"promote":[213],"sustained":[214],"engagement":[215],"provide":[217],"principles":[218],"designing":[220],"biologically":[223],"appropriate":[224],"strategies,":[226],"potentially":[227],"improving":[228],"success":[230],"One":[235],"Sentence":[236],"Summary":[237],"Sustained":[238],"promotes":[241],"stages":[245],"experimental":[247],"training":[254],"reduce":[256],"its":[257],"benefits.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}