{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7219647706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386","title":"AI exposure and task detachability: migrant anchoring and work-linked health protection among highly educated foreign-born adults in the United States","display_name":"AI exposure and task detachability: migrant anchoring and work-linked health protection among highly educated foreign-born adults in the United States","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7219647706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42898323","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13677537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128517487","display_name":"Tse Hou Hew","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tse Hou Hew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asia-Europe Institute, Universiti Malaya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asia-Europe Institute, Universiti Malaya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084207449","display_name":"Rajah Rasiah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-3011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-3011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajah Rasiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asia-Europe Institute, Universiti Malaya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asia-Europe Institute, Universiti Malaya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117166347","display_name":"Nina Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-7545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-7545"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165488957","display_name":"Lingnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0563pg902","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165488957"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nina Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, Lingnan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Lingnan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165488957"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084207449","https://openalex.org/A5117166347"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165488957","https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74260815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"1929386","last_page":"1929386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11959","display_name":"Employment and Welfare Studies","score":0.20309999585151672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11959","display_name":"Employment and Welfare Studies","score":0.20309999585151672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13534","display_name":"Migration, Identity, and Health","score":0.17149999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.11550000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-exposure","display_name":"artificial intelligence exposure","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-born-adults","display_name":"foreign-born adults","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/highly-educated-workers","display_name":"highly educated workers","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uninsurance","display_name":"uninsurance","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-proficiency","display_name":"English proficiency","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homeownership","display_name":"homeownership","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizenship","display_name":"citizenship","score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-market-integration","display_name":"labour market integration","score":0.3919999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.5199000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776269092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611074","display_name":"Residence","level":2,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779396721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184466","display_name":"Workers' compensation","level":3,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014171","descriptor_name":"Transients and Migrants","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016273","descriptor_name":"Occupational Exposure","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054242","descriptor_name":"Emigrants and Immigrants","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13677537","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13677537/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13677537/pdf/fpubh-14-1929386.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42898323","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42898323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ac46dcfcdc054257bb8d7d82b9d22eb1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ac46dcfcdc054257bb8d7d82b9d22eb1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 14 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1929386/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.9211000204086304},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8199999928474426},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7219647706.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7219647706.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989224082","https://openalex.org/W1992512771","https://openalex.org/W2105237219","https://openalex.org/W2110313855","https://openalex.org/W2111628008","https://openalex.org/W2131454779","https://openalex.org/W2131854704","https://openalex.org/W2134923478","https://openalex.org/W2139191918","https://openalex.org/W2167449926","https://openalex.org/W2526781987","https://openalex.org/W2782993463","https://openalex.org/W2785049551","https://openalex.org/W2804936679","https://openalex.org/W2810551427","https://openalex.org/W2892380133","https://openalex.org/W2969715170","https://openalex.org/W2990520658","https://openalex.org/W2998691503","https://openalex.org/W3013322244","https://openalex.org/W3015183602","https://openalex.org/W3021644002","https://openalex.org/W3093231216","https://openalex.org/W3112254662","https://openalex.org/W3159104979","https://openalex.org/W3191358570","https://openalex.org/W3196893569","https://openalex.org/W4205990127","https://openalex.org/W4245198606","https://openalex.org/W4280507078","https://openalex.org/W4300437615","https://openalex.org/W4385782347","https://openalex.org/W4390907087","https://openalex.org/W4399848789","https://openalex.org/W4408098412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7126029110","https://openalex.org/W7222341175","https://openalex.org/W7171569409","https://openalex.org/W7110949791","https://openalex.org/W7201958683","https://openalex.org/W4400184390","https://openalex.org/W7213601921","https://openalex.org/W7167460080","https://openalex.org/W7204118346","https://openalex.org/W7160919199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Occupation-level":[1],"AI":[2,14,19,87,393],"exposure":[3],"indices":[4],"describe":[5,379],"the":[6,63,100,169,184,234,245,254,308,318,325,329,354],"potential":[7],"overlap":[8],"between":[9,41],"occupational":[10,35,45,102,199,236,256,356],"work":[11],"content":[12],"and":[13,27,47,50,91,114,131,159,163,197,209,238,294,316,341,369,385],"capabilities":[15],"rather":[16,388],"than":[17,372,389],"individual":[18],"use":[20],"or":[21,84,148,281,395],"employer":[22],"adoption.":[23],"However,":[24],"task":[25,112,396],"organisation":[26],"access":[28],"to":[29,86,310,320,339],"work-linked":[30,174],"protections":[31],"may":[32],"differ":[33],"across":[34],"contexts.":[36],"We":[37,67],"examined":[38],"whether":[39],"associations":[40],"a":[42,81,261,361],"compound":[43,355],"high-AIOE/high-task-detachability":[44],"profile":[46,106,237,257,357],"upstream":[48,383],"insurance":[49,384],"material":[51,386],"conditions":[52,387],"varied":[53],"by":[54],"migrant":[55],"anchoring":[56,121],"among":[57,156],"highly":[58,347],"educated":[59,348],"foreign-born":[60,217,349],"adults":[61,77,230,250,350],"in":[62,244,382],"United":[64],"States.":[65],"Methods:":[66],"linked":[68],"2017-2024":[69],"IPUMS":[70],"American":[71],"Community":[72],"Survey":[73],"(ACS)":[74],"data":[75],"for":[76,193,277,287,292,298],"aged":[78],"25-64":[79],"with":[80,110,117,231,251,260,351,360,374],"bachelor's":[82],"degree":[83],"higher":[85,232],"Occupational":[88],"Exposure":[89],"(AIOE)":[90],"O*NET":[92],"30.3":[93],"measures.":[94],"High":[95],"AIOE":[96,109],"was":[97,115,181,258,332,342,358],"defined":[98],"as":[99,183,225],"top":[101],"quartile.":[103],"The":[104,139,213,269,377],"focal":[105,185,235,255],"combined":[107,122],"high":[108,111],"detachability":[113],"compared":[116],"lower-AIOE":[118,239],"occupations.":[119],"Migrant":[120],"citizenship,":[123],"US":[124],"residence":[125],"duration,":[126],"English":[127],"proficiency,":[128],"family":[129,164],"co-residence,":[130],"homeownership;":[132],"scores":[133],"of":[134,146,168,220,264,279,364,392],"0-2":[135],"indicated":[136],"lower":[137,227,252,262,352,362,375],"anchoring.":[138,228],"three":[140],"principal":[141,247],"domain-specific":[142],"outcomes":[143],"were":[144,191,223,273],"absence":[145,278],"employer-":[147,280],"union-linked":[149,282],"health":[150],"coverage":[151,365],"from":[152],"any":[153],"eligible":[154],"source":[155],"employed":[157,322],"wage":[158],"salary":[160],"workers,":[161],"uninsurance,":[162,288,367],"income":[165],"below":[166],"200%":[167],"federal":[170],"poverty":[171],"threshold.":[172],"All-adult":[173],"Social":[175],"Reproduction":[176],"Instability":[177],"(W-SRI)":[178],"\u2265":[179],"2":[180],"retained":[182],"cumulative":[186,299,370],"summary":[187],"measure.":[188],"Weighted":[189],"models":[190],"adjusted":[192],"demographic,":[194],"regional,":[195],"annual,":[196],"broad":[198],"characteristics.":[200],"Inference":[201],"used":[202],"CR2/Satterthwaite":[203],"covariance,":[204],"wild":[205],"cluster":[206],"bootstrap":[207],"tests,":[208],"leave-one-cluster-out":[210],"analyses.":[211],"Results:":[212],"analysis":[214],"included":[215],"746,995":[216],"person-year":[218],"observations,":[219],"which":[221],"22.47%":[222],"classified":[224],"having":[226],"Among":[229,249,346],"anchoring,":[233,253,353],"occupations":[240,373],"showed":[241],"few":[242],"differences":[243,272,381],"four":[246,266],"outcomes.":[248,268],"associated":[259,359],"prevalence":[263,363],"all":[265],"adverse":[267],"corresponding":[270],"between-stratum":[271],"-10.68":[274],"percentage":[275,285,290,296,334],"points":[276,286,291,297,335],"coverage,":[283],"-6.75":[284],"-7.90":[289],"poverty,":[293,368],"-7.55":[295],"burden.":[300],"Magnitudes":[301],"remained":[302],"similar":[303],"after":[304],"excluding":[305],"2020,":[306],"restricting":[307,317],"sample":[309,319],"2018-2024,":[311],"adding":[312],"state":[313],"fixed":[314],"effects,":[315],"currently":[321],"respondents.":[323],"In":[324],"labour":[326],"force-restricted":[327],"analysis,":[328],"unemployment":[330],"modification":[331],"-0.37":[333],"(95%":[336],"CI":[337],"-1.15":[338],"+0.42)":[340],"imprecisely":[343],"estimated.":[344],"Conclusion:":[345],"absence,":[366],"burden":[371],"AIOE.":[376],"findings":[378],"occupation-level":[380],"causal":[390],"effects":[391],"adoption":[394],"detachability.":[397]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00"}
