{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7219547885","doi":null,"title":"Small and medium enterprises and their contribution to poverty alleviation in Iraq","display_name":"Small and medium enterprises and their contribution to poverty alleviation in Iraq","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7219547885"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq:article/887","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/ecournal/article/view/887","pdf_url":"https://ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/ecournal/article/download/887/683","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222878","display_name":"Iraqi Journal of Economic Sciences","issn_l":"1812-8742","issn":["1812-8742","2791-092X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319168","host_organization_name":"Al-Mustansiriya University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Al-Mustansiriya University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.31272/.v21i78","raw_type":"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/ecournal/article/download/887/683","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148955251","display_name":"\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156799996","display_name":"\u0623. \u062f. \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0623. \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062d\u0633\u0646/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156618150","display_name":"Mariam Riyad Khalil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariam Riyad Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156676176","display_name":"Dr.Mohamed Abed Salih Hassan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr.Mohamed Abed Salih Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69565217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":0.2240999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":0.2240999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13547","display_name":"Economic and Industrial Development","score":0.2215999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.21809999644756317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-opportunities","display_name":"employment opportunities","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-development","display_name":"national development","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.6687999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017866295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Medium term","level":2,"score":0.474700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.40639999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48879800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622439","display_name":"Small and medium-sized enterprises","level":2,"score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992104146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824165","display_name":"Poverty reduction","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq:article/887","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/ecournal/article/view/887","pdf_url":"https://ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/ecournal/article/download/887/683","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222878","display_name":"Iraqi Journal of Economic Sciences","issn_l":"1812-8742","issn":["1812-8742","2791-092X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319168","host_organization_name":"Al-Mustansiriya University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Al-Mustansiriya University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.31272/.v21i78","raw_type":"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq:article/887","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/ecournal/article/view/887","pdf_url":"https://ecournal.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/ecournal/article/download/887/683","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222878","display_name":"Iraqi Journal of Economic Sciences","issn_l":"1812-8742","issn":["1812-8742","2791-092X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319168","host_organization_name":"Al-Mustansiriya University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Al-Mustansiriya University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.31272/.v21i78","raw_type":"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7219547885.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7219547885.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3166475859","https://openalex.org/W4361758807","https://openalex.org/W7221292486","https://openalex.org/W4411994457","https://openalex.org/W7160836810","https://openalex.org/W7110485219","https://openalex.org/W7220561979","https://openalex.org/W7160963243","https://openalex.org/W7160769458","https://openalex.org/W4402488496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0649":[2],"\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637":[3],"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621":[4],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[5,32,58,63],"\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a":[6],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639":[7,66],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629":[8,67],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629":[9,68],"\u0645\u0646":[10,38,75],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[11],"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627":[12],"\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646":[13],"\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627":[14],"\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627":[15],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645":[16],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a":[17],"\u0641\u064a":[18,44,48,54],"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629":[19],"\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629":[20],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c":[21],"\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627":[22],"\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649":[23],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a":[24],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629":[25],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629":[26],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[27],"\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627":[28],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a":[29],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629":[30],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0629":[31],"\u062d\u062f":[33],"\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c":[34],"\u0648\u0645\u0627":[35,61],"\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628":[36],"\u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627":[37],"\u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a":[39],"\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631":[40],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c":[41],"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b":[42],"\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627":[43],"\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631":[45],"\u0641\u0631\u0635":[46],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644":[47],"\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639":[49],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c":[50],"\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b":[51],"\u0639\u0646":[52,70],"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627":[53,71],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629":[55],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629":[56],"\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627":[57],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a":[59],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c":[60],"\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638":[62],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642":[64],"\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a":[65],"\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629":[69],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a":[72],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642":[73],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629":[74],"\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627":[76],"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627":[77],"\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f":[78],"\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a":[79],"\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00"}
