{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7218705887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.v26i2.70927","title":"Artificial Intelligence Legal Setting Model in MSME (UMKM) Business Activities in Indonesia","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Legal Setting Model in MSME (UMKM) Business Activities in Indonesia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7218705887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.v26i2.70927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id:article/70927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.v26i2.70927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/al_risalah/article/view/70927","pdf_url":"https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/al_risalah/article/download/70927/26658","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179401","display_name":"Al-Risalah Jurnal Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum","issn_l":"2252-8334","issn":["2252-8334","2550-0309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2252-8334","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/al_risalah/article/download/70927/26658","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156735044","display_name":"Lukman Hakim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12833781","display_name":"Lampung University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wtz9f44","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12833781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135034","display_name":"Universitas Bandar Lampung","ror":"https://ror.org/03ga61755","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135034"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakim, Lukman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12833781","https://openalex.org/I4210135034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156376507","display_name":"Faisal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12833781","display_name":"Lampung University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wtz9f44","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12833781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135034","display_name":"Universitas Bandar Lampung","ror":"https://ror.org/03ga61755","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135034"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12833781","https://openalex.org/I4210135034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156560349","display_name":"Raga Saputra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12833781","display_name":"Lampung University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wtz9f44","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12833781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135034","display_name":"Universitas Bandar Lampung","ror":"https://ror.org/03ga61755","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135034"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saputra, Raga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12833781","https://openalex.org/I4210135034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156432132","display_name":"Muhammad Arya Ananda Putra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12833781","display_name":"Lampung University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wtz9f44","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12833781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135034","display_name":"Universitas Bandar Lampung","ror":"https://ror.org/03ga61755","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135034"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Putra, Muhammad Arya Ananda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12833781","https://openalex.org/I4210135034"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154344025","display_name":"Fadillah Benjamin Ismutaji","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12833781","display_name":"Lampung University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wtz9f44","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12833781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135034","display_name":"Universitas Bandar Lampung","ror":"https://ror.org/03ga61755","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135034"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismutaji, Fadillah Benjamin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12833781","https://openalex.org/I4210135034"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14291","display_name":"Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies","score":0.01730000041425228,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-regulation","display_name":"AI regulation","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micro-small-and-medium-enterprises","display_name":"micro, small and medium enterprises","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-law","display_name":"commercial law","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-responsibility","display_name":"legal responsibility","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-based-regulation","display_name":"risk-based regulation","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-governance","display_name":"AI governance","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-transparency","display_name":"algorithmic transparency","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-impact-assessment","display_name":"AI impact assessment","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-data-protection","display_name":"personal data protection","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity","display_name":"cybersecurity","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unfair-competition","display_name":"unfair competition","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-protection","display_name":"consumer protection","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-certainty","display_name":"legal certainty","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesia","display_name":"Indonesia","score":0.4129999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49094488","display_name":"Legal certainty","level":2,"score":0.6363000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522695570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517578","display_name":"Legal research","level":2,"score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5566999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.4860999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776266046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3401418","display_name":"Unfair competition","level":2,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777151640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433177","display_name":"Legal risk","level":2,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779207338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9240","display_name":"Indonesian","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170692843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15987302","display_name":"Legal profession","level":2,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48879800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622439","display_name":"Small and medium-sized enterprises","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85345410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851587","display_name":"Business process","level":3,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993469667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220117","display_name":"Legal advice","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11066294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1518244","display_name":"Business rule","level":4,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67497173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977345","display_name":"Legal aspects of computing","level":3,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106201281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336119","display_name":"Business operations","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776736423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326498","display_name":"Competition law","level":3,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497143","display_name":"Legal culture","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199286143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1404417","display_name":"Legal liability","level":3,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2767350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6662173","display_name":"Business intelligence","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9272383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5001930","display_name":"Business risks","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id:article/70927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.v26i2.70927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/al_risalah/article/view/70927","pdf_url":"https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/al_risalah/article/download/70927/26658","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179401","display_name":"Al-Risalah Jurnal Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum","issn_l":"2252-8334","issn":["2252-8334","2550-0309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2252-8334","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id:article/70927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.v26i2.70927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/al_risalah/article/view/70927","pdf_url":"https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/al_risalah/article/download/70927/26658","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179401","display_name":"Al-Risalah Jurnal Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum","issn_l":"2252-8334","issn":["2252-8334","2550-0309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2252-8334","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.717199981212616},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7218705887.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7218705887.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893188209","https://openalex.org/W3111886221","https://openalex.org/W4384694305","https://openalex.org/W4391403319","https://openalex.org/W4391439500","https://openalex.org/W4403394652","https://openalex.org/W4404030965","https://openalex.org/W7152669043","https://openalex.org/W7153214111","https://openalex.org/W7164589416","https://openalex.org/W7167550221","https://openalex.org/W7171283312","https://openalex.org/W7221290350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220301296","https://openalex.org/W7216287397","https://openalex.org/W7216157647","https://openalex.org/W7162014734","https://openalex.org/W4410173671","https://openalex.org/W4413346468","https://openalex.org/W4407277138","https://openalex.org/W4415943660","https://openalex.org/W4416813250","https://openalex.org/W7162951752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,173,191,210,300,342],"development":[1],"of":[2,10,36,46,52,60,75,122,129,139,148,164,196,212,243,277,284,304,313,319,324,356,365],"Artificial":[3],"Intelligence":[4],"(AI)":[5],"has":[6,108,232],"driven":[7],"the":[8,34,44,50,57,73,102,109,120,127,136,140,146,162,213,217,282,311,322,351,354,363],"transformation":[9],"Micro,":[11],"Small,":[12],"and":[13,29,69,84,90,150,170,187,199,231,251,253,297,328,335,337,369],"Medium":[14],"Enterprises":[15],"(MSMEs)":[16],"business":[17,55,64,81,104,123,133,153,224,278,295,372],"activities":[18,225],"in":[19,54,101,131,166,222,226,259,267,359],"Indonesia":[20,227,360],"through":[21],"increased":[22],"operational":[23],"efficiency,":[24],"data-driven":[25],"decision-making,":[26],"digital":[27,70,371],"marketing,":[28],"expanded":[30],"market":[31],"access.":[32],"However,":[33],"use":[35,51,128,147,163],"AI":[37,53,66,130,165,221,240,248,315,325,357],"also":[38],"raises":[39],"various":[40],"legal":[41,61,99,105,113,137,177,192,201,218,236,244,262,285,320],"problems,":[42],"including":[43],"lack":[45],"comprehensive":[47],"regulations":[48,125,358],"regarding":[49,220],"activities,":[56,134],"unclear":[58],"division":[59,242,318],"responsibilities":[62],"between":[63],"actors,":[65],"technology":[67],"providers,":[68],"platform":[71],"operators,":[72],"risk":[74],"personal":[76,332],"data":[77,252,290,333],"protection":[78,86,263,334],"violations,":[79],"unfair":[80],"competition":[82],"practices,":[83],"weak":[85],"for":[87,142,264,340,353],"MSME":[88,132,223,265],"actors":[89,266],"consumers.":[91],"This":[92,115,256,270],"condition":[93,257],"shows":[94],"that":[95,107,157,203,216,280,361],"there":[96],"is":[97,158,228,344],"a":[98,152,167,181,184,188,273,366],"gap":[100],"Indonesian":[103],"system":[106,249],"potential":[110],"to":[111,118,160,239,346,349],"cause":[112],"uncertainty.":[114],"study":[116,214],"aims":[117],"analyze":[119],"implementation":[121,312],"law":[124,154,279],"on":[126],"examine":[135],"responsibility":[138],"parties":[141],"losses":[143],"arising":[144],"from":[145],"AI,":[149],"formulate":[151],"regulatory":[155,275],"model":[156,276,302,343],"able":[159,348],"accommodate":[161],"safe,":[168,367],"fair,":[169,368],"accountable":[171],"manner.":[172],"research":[174,178,271],"uses":[175],"normative":[176],"methods":[179],"with":[180],"statute":[182],"approach,":[183,186],"conceptual":[185],"comparative":[189],"approach.":[190],"materials":[193,202],"used":[194],"consist":[195],"primary,":[197],"secondary,":[198],"tertiary":[200],"are":[204],"analyzed":[205],"qualitatively":[206],"using":[207],"prescriptive":[208],"methods.":[209],"results":[211,258],"show":[215],"regulation":[219,339],"still":[229],"sectoral":[230],"not":[233,260],"provided":[234],"adequate":[235],"certainty":[237],"related":[238],"governance,":[241,316],"responsibilities,":[245,321],"algorithm":[246,329],"transparency,":[247,289],"audits,":[250,330],"consumer":[254,292],"protection.":[255],"optimal":[261],"utilizing":[268],"AI.":[269],"offers":[272],"risk-based":[274,309],"integrates":[281],"principles":[283],"certainty,":[286],"fairness,":[287],"accountability,":[288],"security,":[291],"protection,":[293],"healthy":[294],"competition,":[296],"technological":[298],"innovation.":[299],"proposed":[301],"consists":[303],"six":[305],"main":[306],"pillars,":[307],"namely":[308],"regulation,":[310],"good":[314],"proportional":[317],"obligation":[323],"Impact":[326],"Assessment":[327],"strengthening":[331],"cybersecurity,":[336],"proportionate":[338],"MSMEs.":[341],"expected":[345],"be":[347,350],"basis":[352],"formation":[355],"support":[362],"creation":[364],"sustainable":[370],"ecosystem.":[373]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00"}