{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7218682003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","title":"Feeding dried cauliflower waste as a valorization method in the circular bio-economy model for broilers: effects on the performance, carcass traits and economics","display_name":"Feeding dried cauliflower waste as a valorization method in the circular bio-economy model for broilers: effects on the performance, carcass traits and economics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7218682003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42868853","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13682001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579126015075/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133896805","display_name":"Poultry Science","issn_l":"0032-5791","issn":["0032-5791","1525-3171"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poultry Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579126015075/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093913598","display_name":"M Theerthesh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185790649","display_name":"Indian Veterinary Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jcfzc36","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I185790649"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theerthesh Mahesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185790649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012480936","display_name":"Ashvini Pundalik Bansod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6270-2660","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6270-2660"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185790649","display_name":"Indian Veterinary Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jcfzc36","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I185790649"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashvini Pundalik Bansod","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185790649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013076532","display_name":"Subodh Kumar Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-4425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-4425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185790649","display_name":"Indian Veterinary Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jcfzc36","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I185790649"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Subodh Kumar Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India. Electronic address: subodhksaha@yahoo.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India. Electronic address: subodhksaha@yahoo.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185790649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081503116","display_name":"Avishek Biswas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-2477","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-2477"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109069","display_name":"Central Institute for Research on Cattle","ror":"https://ror.org/01j495q26","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I4210109069"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avishek Biswas","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109069"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018988482","display_name":"Gautham Kolluri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-9641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-9641"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48139335","display_name":"Central Avian Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00gsmyw97","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I48139335"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gautham Kolluri","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR- Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR- Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48139335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125168697","display_name":"Rajeshwar Manohar Khandare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-6767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-6767"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133099055","display_name":"Kamdhenu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3mav14","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133099055"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajeshwar Khandare","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Anand, Gujrat, 388001, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-6767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Anand, Gujrat, 388001, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133099055"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156367138","display_name":"Trishna Das","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185790649","display_name":"Indian Veterinary Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jcfzc36","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787","https://openalex.org/I185790649"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trishna Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185790649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013076532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185790649"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72034361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"12","first_page":"107873","last_page":"107873"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10333","display_name":"Meat and Animal Product Quality","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broiler-chickens","display_name":"broiler chickens","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-feed-resources","display_name":"alternative feed resources","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-waste-valorization","display_name":"plant waste valorization","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circular-bioeconomy","display_name":"circular bioeconomy","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-digestibility","display_name":"nutrient digestibility","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-conversion-ratio","display_name":"feed conversion ratio","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcass-traits","display_name":"carcass characteristics","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meat-quality","display_name":"meat quality","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-phenolic-content","display_name":"total phenolic content","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-oxidation","display_name":"lipid oxidation","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-cost","display_name":"feed cost","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-cholesterol","display_name":"serum cholesterol","score":0.3109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206332053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477734","display_name":"Gizzard","level":2,"score":0.8245999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780289900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326301","display_name":"Broiler","level":2,"score":0.7297999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.6292999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393855","display_name":"Dry matter","level":2,"score":0.5931000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777352226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7669516","display_name":"TBARS","level":4,"score":0.5144000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778345441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6460735","display_name":"Meal","level":2,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157595922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50745537","display_name":"Cwm","level":5,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780065859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441186","display_name":"Feed additive","level":3,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403879","display_name":"Weight gain","level":3,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017965810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3531615","display_name":"Carcass weight","level":3,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139572402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927820","display_name":"Blood lipids","level":3,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509243982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2836947","display_name":"Animal feed","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992839490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927820","display_name":"Blood cholesterol","level":3,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992811422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849994","display_name":"Blood chemistry","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994423189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Total cholesterol","level":3,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579126015075/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133896805","display_name":"Poultry Science","issn_l":"0032-5791","issn":["0032-5791","1525-3171"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poultry Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13682001","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13682001/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13682001/pdf/main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poult Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42868853","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42868853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poultry science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67c7c6b840534664ad0bc3b82a144f3b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67c7c6b840534664ad0bc3b82a144f3b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Poultry Science, Vol 105, Iss 12, Pp 107873- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2026.107873","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579126015075/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133896805","display_name":"Poultry Science","issn_l":"0032-5791","issn":["0032-5791","1525-3171"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poultry Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320769","display_name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04fw54a43"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326602","display_name":"ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jcfzc36"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7218682003.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7218682003.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1909254787","https://openalex.org/W1963538195","https://openalex.org/W1967299811","https://openalex.org/W1967852385","https://openalex.org/W1969755723","https://openalex.org/W1973500177","https://openalex.org/W1975853603","https://openalex.org/W1983310681","https://openalex.org/W1983590016","https://openalex.org/W1988057211","https://openalex.org/W1997256123","https://openalex.org/W2018672140","https://openalex.org/W2023540910","https://openalex.org/W2024474087","https://openalex.org/W2030427706","https://openalex.org/W2033836055","https://openalex.org/W2043520637","https://openalex.org/W2045821987","https://openalex.org/W2046547531","https://openalex.org/W2059958433","https://openalex.org/W2061080741","https://openalex.org/W2063585855","https://openalex.org/W2078999147","https://openalex.org/W2088401636","https://openalex.org/W2090956893","https://openalex.org/W2093899550","https://openalex.org/W2093939987","https://openalex.org/W2106629696","https://openalex.org/W2108268914","https://openalex.org/W2111233409","https://openalex.org/W2112626560","https://openalex.org/W2114004260","https://openalex.org/W2122202759","https://openalex.org/W2140161647","https://openalex.org/W2145199227","https://openalex.org/W2263023695","https://openalex.org/W2473287551","https://openalex.org/W2518231284","https://openalex.org/W2603744396","https://openalex.org/W2741824836","https://openalex.org/W2743924469","https://openalex.org/W2754838563","https://openalex.org/W2796577178","https://openalex.org/W2801685706","https://openalex.org/W2886187417","https://openalex.org/W2901833053","https://openalex.org/W2907662127","https://openalex.org/W2944647197","https://openalex.org/W3129319472","https://openalex.org/W4200327249","https://openalex.org/W4392353351","https://openalex.org/W4408135423","https://openalex.org/W7128044155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1145182445","https://openalex.org/W7216896055","https://openalex.org/W4404946692","https://openalex.org/W1780907825","https://openalex.org/W1864570205","https://openalex.org/W2130593107","https://openalex.org/W6944669425","https://openalex.org/W3092132811","https://openalex.org/W3135284067","https://openalex.org/W7217571505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66,84,140,183,205,230],"present":[1],"study":[2],"was":[3,130,144,174,209,243],"conducted":[4],"to":[5,77],"evaluate":[6],"cauliflower":[7],"waste":[8,278],"meal":[9],"(CWM)":[10],"as":[11,38],"an":[12,272],"alternative":[13],"feed":[14,92,95,233,282],"resource":[15],"for":[16,81,275],"broiler":[17,25,263],"production.":[18],"For":[19],"the":[20,117,137,155,169,220],"experiment,":[21],"240":[22],"day-old,":[23],"straight-run":[24],"chicks":[26,67],"were":[27,52,68,111,158,165,199,227],"randomly":[28],"distributed":[29],"into":[30,279],"six":[31,82],"groups,":[32],"with":[33,236],"five":[34],"replicates":[35],"per":[36],"group,":[37],"follows:":[39],"T1-control":[40],"diet":[41],"(without":[42],"CWM),":[43],"while":[44],"groups":[45,157,226],"T2,":[46],"T3,":[47,221],"T4,":[48,222],"T5,":[49,223],"and":[50,62,99,126,151,194,212,224,242,249,269],"T6":[51,170,225],"fed":[53,104,247],"diets":[54,105,264],"containing":[55,106],"CWM":[56,110,203,240,258],"at":[57,265],"50,":[58],"75,":[59],"100,":[60],"125,":[61],"150":[63,250,267],"g/kg,":[64],"respectively.":[65],"reared":[69],"under":[70],"intensive":[71],"conditions":[72],"in":[73,136,168,180,219,245,262],"experimental":[74,156],"cages":[75],"according":[76],"standard":[78],"management":[79],"protocols":[80],"weeks.":[83],"results":[85],"revealed":[86],"that":[87,257],"body":[88],"weight":[89,173],"gain":[90],"(BWG),":[91],"intake":[93],"(FI),":[94],"conversion":[96],"ratio":[97],"(FCR),":[98],"nutrient":[100],"digestibility":[101,118],"of":[102,109,119,154,197,215,232,239],"birds":[103,218,246],"different":[107],"levels":[108,164,238],"comparable":[112],"among":[113],"all":[114],"groups.":[115,139],"However,":[116,160],"dry":[120],"matter":[121],"(DM),":[122],"ether":[123],"extract":[124,187],"(EE),":[125],"crude":[127],"fibre":[128],"(CF)":[129],"significantly":[131,166,175,210,228],"higher":[132,179],"(P":[133,176],"<":[134,177],"0.05)":[135,178],"CWM-fed":[138,181],"overall":[141,195],"mortality":[142],"rate":[143],"3.75%.":[145],"Haematological":[146],"parameters,":[147],"blood":[148],"biochemical":[149],"profiles,":[150],"carcass":[152],"characteristics":[153],"comparable.":[159],"serum":[161],"total":[162,206],"cholesterol":[163],"lower":[167],"group.":[171],"Gizzard":[172],"birds.":[182],"chemical":[184],"composition,":[185],"pH,":[186],"release":[188],"volume":[189],"(ERV),":[190],"water-holding":[191],"capacity":[192],"(WHC),":[193],"acceptability":[196],"meat":[198,216],"not":[200],"affected":[201],"by":[202],"feeding.":[204],"phenolic":[207],"content":[208],"increased":[211],"TBARS":[213],"values":[214],"from":[217],"lowered.":[229],"cost":[231],"decreased":[234],"linearly":[235],"increasing":[237],"inclusion":[241],"lowest":[244],"125":[248],"g/kg":[251,268],"CWM.":[252],"Therefore,":[253],"it":[254],"is":[255],"concluded":[256],"can":[259],"be":[260],"included":[261],"upto":[266],"may":[270],"provide":[271],"effective":[273],"approach":[274],"converting":[276],"vegetable":[277],"a":[280],"valuable":[281],"resource.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00"}