{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7218340633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.755989","title":"N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) RNA modifications control the antiviral response to influenza A virus infection by limiting IFITM2/3 expression","display_name":"N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) RNA modifications control the antiviral response to influenza A virus infection by limiting IFITM2/3 expression","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7218340633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.755989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.01.755989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.755989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.755989","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.10.01.755989.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.10.01.755989.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133748116","display_name":"Piotr Kwiatkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1362-1429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1362-1429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Kwiatkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Diseases, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1362-1429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038971646","display_name":"Liudmila A Mikheeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5053-9221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5053-9221"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liudmila A. Mikheeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5053-9221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013884131","display_name":"Holly Digby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-9686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-9686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holly Digby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Diseases, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-9686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090075258","display_name":"Cl\u00e9ment R. Bouton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9607-6533","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9607-6533"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cl\u00e9ment R. Bouton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Diseases, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9607-6533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022622651","display_name":"Hannah Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-1333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-1333"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Diseases, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-1333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042546561","display_name":"Stuart J. D. Neil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3306-5831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3306-5831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart J. D. Neil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Diseases, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3306-5831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057810302","display_name":"Michelle L. Holland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0775-2902","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0775-2902"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle L. Holland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0775-2902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020713269","display_name":"Chad M. Swanson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-3634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-3634"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chad M. Swanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Infectious Diseases, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-3634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Infectious Diseases, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020713269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11482","display_name":"RNA modifications and cancer","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11482","display_name":"RNA modifications and cancer","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses","score":0.027300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12610","display_name":"RNA regulation and disease","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n6-methyladenosine","display_name":"N6-methyladenosine","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-methylation","display_name":"RNA methylation","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influenza-a-virus","display_name":"influenza A virus","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-innate-immunity","display_name":"antiviral innate immunity","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mettl3","display_name":"METTL3","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ythdf2","display_name":"YTHDF2","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ifitm2","display_name":"IFITM2","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ifitm3","display_name":"IFITM3","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-signaling","display_name":"interferon signaling","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-rna-replication","display_name":"viral RNA replication","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition-receptors","display_name":"pattern recognition receptors","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-proteins","display_name":"antiviral proteins","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-autonomous-immunity","display_name":"cell-autonomous immunity","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7465000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.6324999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140704245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202","display_name":"Viral replication","level":3,"score":0.621399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21100537","display_name":"RIG-I","level":4,"score":0.5874999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.5859000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777546802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834390","display_name":"Influenza A virus","level":3,"score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188269","display_name":"Interferon","level":2,"score":0.5242000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776746152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4775355","display_name":"Antiviral protein","level":4,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111289621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418772","display_name":"Pattern recognition receptor","level":4,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779174946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751911","display_name":"RNA virus","level":4,"score":0.33469998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140933497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7933606","display_name":"Viral pathogenesis","level":4,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846227","display_name":"Antiviral drug","level":3,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2191507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7277185","display_name":"RNA silencing","level":5,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58475186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118894","display_name":"Viral entry","level":4,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134474686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21111069","display_name":"MDA5","level":5,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165864922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411391","display_name":"Regulation of gene expression","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145059251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310899","display_name":"microRNA","level":3,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781416681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287246","display_name":"Orthomyxoviridae","level":4,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780879997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q952587","display_name":"Viral protein","level":3,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97380033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994215","display_name":"Viral envelope","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.01.755989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.755989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.755989","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.10.01.755989.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.01.755989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.755989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.755989","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.10.01.755989.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","display_name":"Leverhulme Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/012mzw131"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320285","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7218340633.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7218340633.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905137116","https://openalex.org/W4399788637","https://openalex.org/W7207631595","https://openalex.org/W2754900935","https://openalex.org/W4313368432","https://openalex.org/W4200433680","https://openalex.org/W7135197957","https://openalex.org/W2959403793","https://openalex.org/W4410157309","https://openalex.org/W3112894866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"N":[1],"6":[2,5,22,54,75,82,97,106,120,151,186],"-methyladenosine":[3],"(m":[4],"A)":[6],"RNA":[7,41],"modifications":[8,56,188],"regulate":[9,189],"diverse":[10],"cellular":[11,45,116,208],"processes,":[12],"including":[13,127],"the":[14,58,73,80,154,164,175,179,190,197],"response":[15,62,156],"to":[16,36,63,94,157,195],"virus":[17,66],"infection.":[18,68,158],"However,":[19,89],"how":[20,52],"m":[21,53,74,81,96,105,119,150,185],"A":[23,55,65,76,83,98,107,121,152,187],"controls":[24,153],"antiviral":[25,136,155,166,176,193,204],"gene":[26],"expression":[27,162,191],"and":[28,134,169,202],"whether":[29],"effects":[30],"on":[31],"viral":[32,40,110],"replication":[33,144],"are":[34],"due":[35],"direct":[37,135],"modification":[38,108],"of":[39,44,72,109,139,163,178,192,199],"or":[42,70,79],"regulation":[43],"transcripts":[46,117],"remain":[47],"unclear.":[48],"Herein,":[49],"we":[50,100],"analysed":[51],"control":[57],"cell-autonomous":[59],"innate":[60],"immune":[61],"influenza":[64],"(IAV)":[67],"Depletion":[69],"inhibition":[71,160],"writer":[77],"METTL3":[78,146,159,180],"reader":[84],"YTHDF2":[85],"restricts":[86],"IAV":[87,143],"replication.":[88],"using":[90],"a":[91],"quantitative":[92],"method":[93],"identify":[95],"sites,":[99],"did":[101],"not":[102],"detect":[103],"substantial":[104],"RNA.":[111],"In":[112],"contrast,":[113],"many":[114],"IAV-induced":[115],"were":[118,172],"modified":[122],"in":[123],"their":[124,200],"coding":[125],"region,":[126],"those":[128],"that":[129,149,184],"encode":[130],"pattern":[131],"recognition":[132],"receptors":[133],"proteins.":[137],"Inhibition":[138],"interferon":[140],"signalling":[141],"restored":[142],"after":[145],"inhibition,":[147],"highlighting":[148],"increased":[161],"paralogous":[165],"proteins":[167,194],"IFITM2":[168],"IFITM3,":[170],"which":[171],"required":[173],"for":[174],"activity":[177,205],"inhibitor.":[181],"We":[182],"propose":[183],"limit":[196],"magnitude":[198],"induction":[201],"balance":[203],"with":[206],"maintaining":[207],"homeostasis.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00"}