{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7218267126","doi":null,"title":"allegation of Arabic language difficulty, presentation, and criticism: allegation of Arabic language difficulty, presentation, and criticism","display_name":"allegation of Arabic language difficulty, presentation, and criticism: allegation of Arabic language difficulty, presentation, and criticism","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7218267126"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.midad-aladab.org:article/765","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://midad-aladab.org/index.php/midadaladab/article/view/765","pdf_url":"https://midad-aladab.org/index.php/midadaladab/article/view/765/713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387290963","display_name":"\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628","issn_l":"2222-6575","issn":["2222-6575","3006-7774"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3131779051","host_organization_name":"Iraqi University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2222-6575","raw_type":"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://midad-aladab.org/index.php/midadaladab/article/view/765/713","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156078401","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257924","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/05tqgjy81","country_code":"IQ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257924"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629- \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629- \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5156078401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257924"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6904014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13912","display_name":"Language, Linguistics, Cultural Analysis","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13912","display_name":"Language, Linguistics, Cultural Analysis","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13260","display_name":"Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.051100000739097595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14037","display_name":"Arabic Language Education Studies","score":0.0406000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic language","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic-orthography","display_name":"Arabic orthography","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic-morphology","display_name":"Arabic morphology","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"syntax","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"semantics","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-criticism","display_name":"linguistic criticism","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-and-national-identity","display_name":"language and national identity","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776811425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2839009","display_name":"Allegation","level":2,"score":0.9064000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.7088000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.6371999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777077779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7332905","display_name":"Ridiculous","level":2,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987496018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860","display_name":"English language","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125496544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1422423","display_name":"Arabic languages","level":3,"score":0.2757999897003174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.midad-aladab.org:article/765","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://midad-aladab.org/index.php/midadaladab/article/view/765","pdf_url":"https://midad-aladab.org/index.php/midadaladab/article/view/765/713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387290963","display_name":"\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628","issn_l":"2222-6575","issn":["2222-6575","3006-7774"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3131779051","host_organization_name":"Iraqi University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2222-6575","raw_type":"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.midad-aladab.org:article/765","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://midad-aladab.org/index.php/midadaladab/article/view/765","pdf_url":"https://midad-aladab.org/index.php/midadaladab/article/view/765/713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387290963","display_name":"\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628","issn_l":"2222-6575","issn":["2222-6575","3006-7774"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3131779051","host_organization_name":"Iraqi University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2222-6575","raw_type":"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7218267126.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7218267126.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4256259486","https://openalex.org/W7204550994","https://openalex.org/W2612638750","https://openalex.org/W3010844910","https://openalex.org/W2982431869","https://openalex.org/W4249665278","https://openalex.org/W2904458975","https://openalex.org/W7220039329","https://openalex.org/W4404650515","https://openalex.org/W7217227234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629":[1,19],"\u0639\u0646\u062f":[2,116],"\u0623\u064a":[3],"\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629":[4],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644":[5],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a":[6],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639":[7],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a":[8],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c":[9],"\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643":[10],"\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d":[11],"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629":[12],"\u062d\u064a\u0629":[13],"\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629":[14],"\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c":[15],"\u0623\u0645\u0627":[16],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b":[17],"\u0639\u0646":[18,140],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629":[20,48,80,90,103,132],"\u0628\u0645\u0627":[21],"\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647":[22],"\u0645\u0646":[23],"\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635":[24],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644":[25],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629":[26],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629":[27],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[28],"\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631":[29],"\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631":[30],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631":[31,41],"\u0641\u0647\u0648":[32],"\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b":[33],"\u0630\u0648":[34],"\u0634\u062c\u0648\u0646\u061b":[35],"\u0630\u0644\u0643":[36],"\u0623\u0646":[37,131],"\u0645\u0627":[38,121],"\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647":[39],"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648":[40],"\u0648\u0645\u064e\u0646":[42],"\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0639":[43],"\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621":[44],"\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645":[45],"\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645":[46],"\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629":[47,79,88,96],"\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064b\u0627":[49],"\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b":[50],"\u0648\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064d":[51],"\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627":[52],"\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064b\u060c":[53],"\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621":[54],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[55],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[56,65,71],"\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636":[57],"\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645":[58],"\u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646":[59],"\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627":[60],"\u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627":[61],"\u0648\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627":[62],"\u0648\u0641\u0642":[63],"\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c":[64],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a":[66],"\u0641\u064a":[67,126],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c":[68],"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627":[69],"\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c":[70],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a":[72],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a":[73],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a":[74],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c":[75],"\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646":[76],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646":[77],"(\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649":[78],"\u0639\u0631\u0636":[81],"\u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f)\u060c":[82],"\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647":[83],"\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646:":[84],"\u0636\u0645\u0651":[85],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644":[86],"\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649":[87,95],"\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a":[89],"\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627":[91],"\u0648\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c":[92],"\u0648\u0641\u064a":[93],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a":[94],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628":[97],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629.":[98],"\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f":[99],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644":[100],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629":[101],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[102],"\u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636":[104],"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a":[105,115],"\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629":[106],"\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645-":[107],"\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646":[108],"\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646":[109],"\u062a\u0644\u0643":[110],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649":[111],"\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628":[112],"\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646":[113],"\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629":[114],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646":[117],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c":[118],"\u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631":[119],"\u0632\u064a\u0641":[120],"\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0647":[122],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646":[123],"\u0648\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0645":[124],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0629":[125],"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646":[127],"\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627":[128],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.":[129],"\u0641\u062b\u0628\u062a":[130],"\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639":[133],"\u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635":[134],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629":[135],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631":[136],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629":[137],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c":[138],"\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627":[139],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648":[141],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-19T09:35:57.686232","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
