{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7218153164","doi":null,"title":"Employment and Societal Changes in Iraq Challenges and Policies","display_name":"Employment and Societal Changes in Iraq Challenges and Policies","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7218153164"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jcoeduw.uobaghdad.edu.iq:article/898","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jcoeduw.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/journal/article/view/898","pdf_url":"https://jcoeduw.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/journal/article/download/898/826","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228136","display_name":"Journal of College of Education for Women","issn_l":"1680-8738","issn":["1680-8738","2663-547X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1680-8738","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jcoeduw.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/journal/article/download/898/826","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155504098","display_name":"\u0623.\u062f.\ufecb\u062f\ufee7\ufe8e\u0646 \ufbfe\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufbfe\u0646 \ufee3\ufebb\u0637\ufed4\ufef0 \u0623.\u0645.\u062f .\ufecb\ufe91\u062f \u0627\ufedf\ufeb7\ufbad\ufbfe\u062f \ufe9f\ufe8e\ufeb3\u0645 \ufecb\ufe91\ufe8e\u0633","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0623.\u0645.\u062f .\ufecb\ufe91\u062f \u0627\ufedf\ufeb7\ufbad\ufbfe\u062f \ufe9f\ufe8e\ufeb3\u0645 \ufecb\ufe91\ufe8e\u0633, \u0623.\u062f.\ufecb\u062f\ufee7\ufe8e\u0646 \ufbfe\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufbfe\u0646 \ufee3\ufebb\u0637\ufed4\ufef0","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education for Women \u2013 University of Baghdad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education for Women \u2013 University of Baghdad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5155504098"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"],"apc_list":{"value":100000,"currency":"IQD","value_usd":null},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70022391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13560","display_name":"Socioeconomic Development in MENA","score":0.4293999969959259,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13560","display_name":"Socioeconomic Development in MENA","score":0.4293999969959259,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.28519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.1039000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-policy","display_name":"employment policy","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-change","display_name":"social change","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-affected-societies","display_name":"conflict-affected societies","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-security","display_name":"human security","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-cohesion","display_name":"social cohesion","score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"risk assessment","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-conflict-reconstruction","display_name":"post-conflict reconstruction","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy-of-employment","display_name":"political economy of employment","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-employment","display_name":"women's employment","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-private-partnerships","display_name":"public-private partnerships","score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-advertising","display_name":"social media advertising","score":0.31700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206836424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1510761","display_name":"Social change","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jcoeduw.uobaghdad.edu.iq:article/898","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jcoeduw.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/journal/article/view/898","pdf_url":"https://jcoeduw.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/journal/article/download/898/826","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228136","display_name":"Journal of College of Education for Women","issn_l":"1680-8738","issn":["1680-8738","2663-547X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1680-8738","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jcoeduw.uobaghdad.edu.iq:article/898","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jcoeduw.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/journal/article/view/898","pdf_url":"https://jcoeduw.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/journal/article/download/898/826","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228136","display_name":"Journal of College of Education for Women","issn_l":"1680-8738","issn":["1680-8738","2663-547X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1680-8738","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7218153164.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7218153164.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7035609024","https://openalex.org/W7219162244","https://openalex.org/W4200621307","https://openalex.org/W4316618600","https://openalex.org/W2327245369","https://openalex.org/W3119338402","https://openalex.org/W7220079217","https://openalex.org/W7219520955","https://openalex.org/W3124781262","https://openalex.org/W2798858662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\ufe97\ufea3\ufe8e\u0648\u0644":[0],"\u06be\u0630\u0647":[1],"\u0627\ufedf\u062f\u0631\u0627\ufeb3\ufe94":[2,101],"\u0627\ufedf\ufe97\u0631\ufedb\ufbfe\u0632":[3],"\ufecb\ufee0\ufef0":[4,56,90],"\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufefc\ufed7\ufe94":[5],"\ufe91\ufbfe\u0646":[6],"\ufeb3\ufbfe\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe8e\u062a":[7],"\u0627\ufedf\ufe97\ufeb7\ufed0\ufbfe\u0644":[8],"\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe97\ufed0\ufbfe\u0631\u0627\u062a":[9],"\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe9f\ufe97\ufee3\ufecc\ufbfe\ufe94":[10],"\ufed3\ufef2":[11,18,26,36,74,78,105,111],"\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\u0631\u0627\u0642":[12],".":[13,128],"\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0646":[14],"\ufe91\ufee7\ufe8e\u0621":[15,112],"\ufeb3\ufbfe\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe94":[16],"\ufe97\ufeb7\ufed0\ufbfe\ufee0\ufbfe\ufe94":[17],"\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe9f\ufe97\ufee3\ufecc\ufe8e\u062a":[19],"\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe84\u0632\u0648\ufee3\ufe94":[20],"\ufbfe\ufe91\ufed8\ufef0":[21],"\ufee3\ufea3\ufed4\u0648\ufed3\ufe8e":[22],"\ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe97\ufea3\u062f\ufbfe\ufe8e\u062a":[23],"\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufea7\ufe8e\u0637\u0631":[24],"\ufefb\ufeb3\ufbfe\ufee3\ufe8e":[25],"\u0627\ufedf\ufe91\ufee0\u062f\u0627\u0646":[27],"\u0627\ufedf\ufe97\ufef2":[28],"\ufbfe\u0637\u0648\u0644":[29],"\ufe91\ufbad\ufe8e":[30],"\u0623\ufee3\u062f":[31],"\u0627\ufedf\ufee7\u0632\u0627\ufecb\ufe8e\u062a":[32],"\u0648\u0627\ufefb\u0632\ufee3\ufe8e\u062a\u060c":[33],"\u0648\ufee3\u0646":[34],"\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufbad\u0645":[35],"\u06be\u0630\u0627":[37],"\u0627\ufefb\u0637\ufe8e\u0631":[38],"\ufedf\ufe97\ufea3\ufed8\ufbfe\u0642":[39],"\ufe97\ufee0\u0643":[40],"\u0627\ufedf\ufeb3\ufbfe\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe94":[41],"\u0648\ufe91\ufee7\ufe8e\u0621":[42],"\u0623\ufeb3\u0633":[43],"\u0627\ufefb\ufee3\u0646":[44],"\u0627\ufefb\ufee7\ufeb3\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef2":[45],"\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe97\ufea7\ufed4\ufbfe\u0641":[46],"\ufee3\u0646":[47,61,119,124],"\u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufed8\u0631":[48],"\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe91\u0637\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe94\u060c":[49],"\u0623\u0646":[50],"\ufee7\ufe9f\u062f":[51],"\u0627\ufedf\u0648\ufeb3\ufe8e\ufe8b\u0644":[52],"\u0627\ufedf\ufed4\ufecc\ufe8e\ufedf\ufe94":[53],"\ufedf\ufee3\ufeb3\ufe8e\ufecb\u062f\u0629":[54],"\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufe9f\ufe97\ufee3\ufeca":[55],"\ufe97\ufea3\ufed8\ufbfe\u0642":[57],"\u062f\ufecb\ufe8e\ufe8b\u0645":[58],"\u0627\ufefb\ufeb3\ufe97\ufed8\u0631\u0627\u0631":[59],"\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe97\ufed8\ufee0\ufbfe\u0644":[60],"\ufea7\u0637\u0631":[62],"\ufe97\ufe9f\u062f\u062f":[63],"\u0623\u0648":[64],"\ufe97\ufedb\u0631\u0627\u0631":[65],"\u062f\u0648\u0627\ufee3\ufe94":[66],"\u0627\ufedf\ufecc\ufee7\u0641-\ufedf\ufedb\u0646":[67],"\u0630\ufedf\u0643":[68,75],"\ufbfe\ufe97\u0637\ufee0\u0628":[69],"\u0625\ufecb\ufe8e\u062f\u0629":[70,76],"\ufe97\ufed4\ufedb\ufbfe\u0631":[71],"\ufe9f\u0630\u0631\ufbfe\ufe94\u060c":[72],"\ufe91\ufee3\ufe8e":[73],"\u0627\ufedf\ufe97\ufed4\ufedb\ufbfe\u0631":[77],"\u0637\u0631\ufbfe\ufed8\ufe94":[79],"\ufe97\ufed8\u0648\ufbfe\u0645":[80],"\u0627\ufedf\ufee3\ufea7\ufe8e\u0637\u0631":[81],"\u0648\u0627\ufedf\ufe97\ufea3\u062f\ufbfe\ufe8e\u062a":[82],"\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\ufe97\ufbad\ufe8e":[83],".\u0648\u0627\u0646":[84],"\ufee3\ufeb7\u0631\u0648\u0639":[85],"\ufedb\ufbad\u0630\u0627":[86],"\ufbfe\ufe9f\u0628":[87],"\u0627\u0646":[88,103],"\ufbfe\ufed8\u0648\u0645":[89],"\u0627\ufeb3\ufe8e\u0633":[91],"\ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\u0637\ufe94":[92],"\u0637\u0631\ufbfe\u0642":[93],"\u0648\u0627\ufebf\ufea3\ufe94\u060c":[94],"\u0648\ufecb\ufee0\ufef0":[95],"\u0631\u0624\u0649":[96],"\ufe97\ufee7\ufee3\u0648\ufbfe\ufe94":[97],"\u0648\u0627\ufebf\ufea3\ufe94":[98],"\u0648\ufed3\ufe8e\ufecb\ufee0\ufe94":[99],".\u06be\u0630\u0647":[100],"\ufbfe\ufee3\ufedb\u0646":[102],"\ufe97\ufeb3\ufbad\u0645":[104],"\u0627\u0631\ufeb3\ufe8e\u0621":[106],"\u0627\ufeb3\u0633":[107],"\ufedf\u062f\u0631\u0627\ufeb3\ufe8e\u062a":[108],"\u0627\ufea7\u0631\u0649":[109],"\ufe97\ufeb3\ufe8e\ufecb\u062f":[110],"\ufe97\ufebb\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a":[113],"\ufee3\ufeb3\ufe97\ufed8\ufe91\ufee0\ufbfe\ufe94":[114],"\ufe97\ufee3\ufedb\u0646":[115],"\u0627\ufedf\ufeb7\u0631\ufedb\ufe8e\u0621":[116],"\u0627\ufedf\ufea3\ufed8\ufbfe\ufed8\ufbfe\u0646":[117],"\ufedf\ufee0\ufe97\ufee7\ufee3\ufbfe\ufe94":[118],"\u0627\ufedf\u0648\ufebb\u0648\u0644":[120],"\u0627\ufedf\ufef0":[121],"\ufea7\ufbfe\ufe8e\u0631\u0627\u062a":[122],"\u0623\ufed3\ufebf\u0644":[123],"\u0623\ufe9f\u0644":[125],"\u0627\ufeb3\ufe97\u062f\u0627\ufee3\ufe94":[126],"\u0627\ufedf\ufe97\ufee7\ufee3\ufbfe\ufe94":[127]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}