{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7218055267","doi":null,"title":"Doubt At The Muslim Philosophers, Ghazali As a Model","display_name":"Doubt At The Muslim Philosophers, Ghazali As a Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7218055267"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.bcchj.uobabylon.edu.iq:article/275","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bcchj.uobabylon.edu.iq/index.php/index/article/view/275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738112740","display_name":"Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies","issn_l":"2227-2895","issn":["2227-2895","2313-0059"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319176","host_organization_name":"University of Babylon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319176"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Babylon"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2227-2895","raw_type":"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066491848","display_name":"\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093198403","display_name":"Hana Zayed Abbas \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hana Zayed Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63127654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12511","display_name":"Medieval and Classical Philosophy","score":0.63919997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12511","display_name":"Medieval and Classical Philosophy","score":0.63919997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13815","display_name":"Islamic Thought and Society Studies","score":0.3174000084400177,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.0348999984562397,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doubt","display_name":"doubt","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/al-ghazali","display_name":"al-Ghazali","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-philosophy","display_name":"Islamic philosophy","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certainty","display_name":"certainty","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"epistemology","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-doubt","display_name":"philosophy of doubt","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sufism","display_name":"Sufism","score":0.4359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.5932000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4887999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.24140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24667770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34187","display_name":"Religious studies","level":1,"score":0.20579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20520000159740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2046000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.18160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.18129999935626984}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.bcchj.uobabylon.edu.iq:article/275","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bcchj.uobabylon.edu.iq/index.php/index/article/view/275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738112740","display_name":"Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies","issn_l":"2227-2895","issn":["2227-2895","2313-0059"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319176","host_organization_name":"University of Babylon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319176"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Babylon"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2227-2895","raw_type":"\u0645\u0624\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315488392","https://openalex.org/W4388369990","https://openalex.org/W7221078243","https://openalex.org/W4416318664","https://openalex.org/W4390442695","https://openalex.org/W7171292608","https://openalex.org/W4403223240","https://openalex.org/W4386245120","https://openalex.org/W4386257026","https://openalex.org/W4401850052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0625\u0646":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643":[1,27,40,66,108,151,166,179,185,217,226,245,257,280],"\u0645\u0646":[2,38,45,54,79,107,165,219,262,270],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a":[3],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629":[4],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[5,18,34],"\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627":[6],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646":[7],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621":[8],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629":[9],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[10],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629":[11],"\u0648\u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635":[12],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c":[13],"\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644":[14,41,168,193,232],"\u0627\u0644\u0649":[15,42,158,169,194,233,285],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629":[16,170],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646":[17],"\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a":[19],"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641":[20],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633":[21],"\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0645":[22],"\u0641\u0645\u0646":[23],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[24,46,55,220,263],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645":[25],"\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d":[26],"\u0641\u064a":[28,64,91,96,167,240,287],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639":[29],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643":[30],"\u0641\u064a\u0647":[31],"\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645":[32],"\u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a":[33],"\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645":[35],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[36,50,57,121],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c":[37],"\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629":[39],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629":[43,136,195,222,234,247],"\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629":[44,235],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a":[47],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a":[48],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629":[49],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629":[51],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646":[52],"\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641":[53],"\u0630\u0644\u0643":[56],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631":[58],"\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u064a":[59,147],".":[60,110,213,254,291],"\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627":[61,77,278],"\u0643\u0627\u0646":[62,116],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628":[63],"\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631":[65],"\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629":[67],"\u0644\u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646":[68],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629":[69],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629":[70],"\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627":[71,124],"\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629":[72],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642":[73],"\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641":[74],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639":[75],"\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627":[76],"\u0646\u062c\u062f":[78,112],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[80,250],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646":[81,186],"\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0627":[82],"\u0642\u0628\u0644":[83],"\u0639\u0635\u0631":[84,131],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a":[85,132],"\u0647\u0648":[86,119,182],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a":[87],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[88,115,133,148,201],"\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647":[89,283],"\u0634\u0643":[90,95,113],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f":[92],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646":[93],"\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643":[94],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628":[97],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628":[98],"\u0648\u0641\u064a":[99],"\u0628\u0639\u062b":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645":[101],"\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646":[102],"\u0634\u0643\u0647":[103,118,157],"\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0628":[104],"\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643":[105],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a":[106],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a":[109],"\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627":[111,215],"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0646\u064a":[114],"\u0633\u0628\u0628":[117],"\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647":[120],"\u0639\u0644\u0645":[122],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645":[123],"\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627":[125],"\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639":[126],"\u0639\u0646":[127,140,209,228],"\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636":[128],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f":[129],".\u0648\u0641\u064a":[130],"\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623":[134],"\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642":[135,141],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643":[137],"\u0648\u0647\u0648":[138],"\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b":[139],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646":[142],"\u0648\u0644\u0627":[143,152],"\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646":[144],"\u0627\u0644\u0627":[145],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645":[146],"\u0644\u0627":[149],"\u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644":[150],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f":[153],"\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643":[154],"\u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647":[155],"\u0648\u062c\u0647":[156],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633":[159],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644":[160],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629":[161],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629":[162],"\u0639\u0627\u0634":[163],"\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629":[164],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642":[171],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629":[172],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629":[173],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644":[174],"\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a":[175],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[176],"\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629":[177],"\u0627\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628":[178],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a":[180],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[181],"\u0627\u062d\u062f":[183],"\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639":[184],"\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f":[187],"\u0627\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647":[188,203],"\u0627\u0646":[189,237,274],"\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646":[190,279],"\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629":[191],"\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629":[192],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629":[196],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629":[197],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639":[198],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631":[199],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a":[200],"\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646":[202],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062d":[204],"\u0627\u0648":[205,207],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644":[206],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641":[208],"\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631":[210],"\u0627\u064a":[211],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645":[212],"\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638":[214],"\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637":[216],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629":[218],"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629":[221],"\u062d\u064a\u062b":[223],"\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645":[224],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[225],"\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631":[227],"\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629":[229],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644":[230,251],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a":[231],"\u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f":[236],"\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631":[238],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646":[239,266],"\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647":[241],"\u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0647":[242],"\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0647":[243],"\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627":[244],"\u0643\u0648\u0646":[246],"\u0647\u064a":[248],"\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629":[249,256],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a":[252],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a":[253],"\u0627\u0645\u0627":[255],"\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645":[258],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633":[259],"\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d":[260],"\u0644\u0646\u0627":[261],"\u0639\u062f\u0645":[264],"\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644":[265],"\u0644\u0623\u064a":[267],"\u0645\u0627":[268],"\u064a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0647":[269],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631":[271],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621":[272],"\u062f\u0648\u0646":[273],"\u064a\u0645\u0639\u0646":[275],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631":[276],"\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627":[277],"\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627":[281],"\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627":[282],"\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644":[284],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629":[286],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642":[288],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0645":[289],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0646":[290]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-04T09:36:47.201465","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
