{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7217934629","doi":null,"title":"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7217934629"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.mediu.edu.my:article/3105","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.mediu.edu.my/index.php/arrasikhun/article/view/3105","pdf_url":"https://ojs.mediu.edu.my/index.php/arrasikhun/article/download/3105/1117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407068431","display_name":"Volume 12 Issue Sep 2026","issn_l":"2462-2508","issn":["2462-2508"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210153375","host_organization_name":"Al Madinah International University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153375"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2462-2508","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.mediu.edu.my/index.php/arrasikhun/article/download/3105/1117","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154835080","display_name":"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u062a\u064a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u062a\u064a, \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098355189","display_name":"\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646, \u062f. \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80088064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.8568999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.8568999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.04309999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.01489999983459711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detention","display_name":"detention","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrests","display_name":"arrests","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-law","display_name":"Islamic law","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/libyan-law","display_name":"Libyan law","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-law","display_name":"comparative law","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presumption-of-innocence","display_name":"presumption of innocence","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-freedom","display_name":"individual liberty","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-security","display_name":"public security","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-investigation","display_name":"criminal investigation","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-procedure","display_name":"criminal procedure","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abuse-of-power","display_name":"abuse of power","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19869999587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.19499999284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1906999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1860000044107437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.18389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.16580000519752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.16410000622272491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16120000183582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.15870000422000885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.mediu.edu.my:article/3105","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.mediu.edu.my/index.php/arrasikhun/article/view/3105","pdf_url":"https://ojs.mediu.edu.my/index.php/arrasikhun/article/download/3105/1117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407068431","display_name":"Volume 12 Issue Sep 2026","issn_l":"2462-2508","issn":["2462-2508"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210153375","host_organization_name":"Al Madinah International University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153375"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2462-2508","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.mediu.edu.my:article/3105","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.mediu.edu.my/index.php/arrasikhun/article/view/3105","pdf_url":"https://ojs.mediu.edu.my/index.php/arrasikhun/article/download/3105/1117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407068431","display_name":"Volume 12 Issue Sep 2026","issn_l":"2462-2508","issn":["2462-2508"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210153375","host_organization_name":"Al Madinah International University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153375"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2462-2508","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7217934629.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7217934629.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399172456","https://openalex.org/W4382810070","https://openalex.org/W4399307941","https://openalex.org/W2978096465","https://openalex.org/W7063574823","https://openalex.org/W4413873514","https://openalex.org/W3169845198","https://openalex.org/W2810885781","https://openalex.org/W7221140986","https://openalex.org/W7216816847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644":[0],"\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641":[2,124],"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629":[3,29],"\u0643\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0629":[4],"\u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629":[5],"\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629":[6],"\u0641\u064a":[7,13,22,32,53,64,75,82,87,98,165],"\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629":[8,18],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c":[9],"\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637":[10],"\u0628\u062d\u0642":[11,85],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629":[12],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a":[14,163],"\u0645\u0639":[15],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629":[16,60],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[17,61],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f":[19,35,81],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629":[20,145],"\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647":[21],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621":[23,37],"\u0648\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641":[24],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647":[25,44],"\u0628\u0647\u060c":[26],"\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643":[27],"\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646":[28],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[30,58,131,189],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[31,59,132],"\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[33],"\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642":[34],"\u0648\u062d\u0642":[36],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a":[38],"\u0639\u0646":[39,103],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629":[40,167],"\u0645\u0646":[41,101,114,137],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[42],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641":[43],"\u0628\u0647":[45,188],"\u0648\u0641\u0642":[46,91],"\u0623\u0633\u0633":[47],"\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629":[48],"\u0644\u0645":[49],"\u064a\u062a\u0645":[50,71],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642":[51],"\u0644\u0647\u0627":[52],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a":[54],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c":[55],"\u0648\u0645\u0646":[56,128],"\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632":[57],"\u062d\u0642":[62],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646":[63],"\u0623\u0646":[65],"\u06cc\u0639\u06cc\u0634":[66],"\u062d\u0631\u0627\u064b":[67],"\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b":[68],"\u0648\u0623\u0646":[69,80],"\u0644\u0627":[70,78],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633":[72],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646":[73],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a":[74],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a":[76,117,160],"\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c":[77],"\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0627":[79],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639":[83],"\u06cc\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639":[84],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629":[86,144,172],"\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647":[88],"\u062f\u0648\u0646":[89],"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633":[90],"\u0645\u0627":[92,111,185],"\u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a\u0647":[93],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629":[94],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629":[95],"\u0648\u0645\u0627":[96],"\u062c\u0627\u0621":[97],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646":[99],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f":[102],"\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0646":[104],"\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629":[105],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645":[106],"\u0630\u0645\u062a\u0647":[107],"\u062d\u062a\u0649":[108],"\u06cc\u062b\u0628\u062a":[109],"\u0635\u062d\u0629":[110],"\u0646\u0633\u0628":[112],"\u0625\u0644\u06cc\u0647":[113],"\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c":[115],"\u0648\u0641\u064a":[116,158],"\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647":[118],"\u0641\u0625\u0646":[119,161],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629":[120],"\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629":[121],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[122,140,175],"\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621":[123],"\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[125],"\u0623\u0645\u0646":[126],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c":[127],"\u0647\u0646\u0627":[129],"\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649":[130],"\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629":[133,180],"\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629":[134],"\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627":[135,182],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645":[136,183],"\u0623\u062c\u0644":[138],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644":[139],"\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629":[141],"\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646":[142],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[143],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646":[146],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c":[147],"\u0648\u0642\u0645\u0639":[148],"\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644":[149],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f":[150],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[151],"\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627":[152],"\u0631\u062c\u0644":[153],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629":[154],"\u0628\u062d\u062c\u0629":[155],"\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629":[156],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641\u060c":[157],"\u0646\u0641\u0633":[159],"\u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644":[162],"\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628":[164],"\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631":[166],"\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629":[168],"\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629":[169],"\u062a\u062d\u062a":[170],"\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649":[171],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c":[173],"\u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a":[174],"\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632":[176],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646":[177],"\u0645\u0645\u0627":[178],"\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645":[179],"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0629":[181],"\u0648\u0647\u0648":[184],"\u0633\u0648\u0641":[186],"\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0636":[187],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-21T09:56:26.102985","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
