{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7217653244","doi":null,"title":"\u0646\u0628\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631: The Rejection of Discrimination and Racism in the Prophetic S\u012brah: A Comparative Study of Prophetic Leadership and the Approaches of Past and Contemporary Rulers","display_name":"\u0646\u0628\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631: The Rejection of Discrimination and Racism in the Prophetic S\u012brah: A Comparative Study of Prophetic Leadership and the Approaches of Past and Contemporary Rulers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7217653244"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:irigs.iiu.edu.pk/ojs:article/7456","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.iiu.edu.pk/index.php/index/article/view/7456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204992","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"0002-399X","issn":["0002-399X","2710-5334"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0002-399X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.iiu.edu.pk/index.php/index/article/view/7456","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155612495","display_name":"\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154979731","display_name":"Asma bent Fathi Jamaa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma bent Fathi Jamaa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85740837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13815","display_name":"Islamic Thought and Society Studies","score":0.8833000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13815","display_name":"Islamic Thought and Society Studies","score":0.8833000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13646","display_name":"Qur\u2019anic Interpretation Studies","score":0.0934000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10794","display_name":"Islamic Studies and History","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prophet-muhammad","display_name":"Prophet Muhammad","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racism","display_name":"racism","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination","display_name":"discrimination","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manumission","display_name":"manumission","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slavery","display_name":"slavery","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedmen","display_name":"freedmen","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-dignity","display_name":"human dignity","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prophetic-leadership","display_name":"prophetic leadership","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgiveness","display_name":"forgiveness","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humility","display_name":"humility","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-justice","display_name":"social justice","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rulership","display_name":"rulership","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.8937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5972999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582965","display_name":"Anti-racism","level":3,"score":0.5834000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993078153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279580","display_name":"Racial equality","level":3,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982832299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264892","display_name":"Social justice","level":2,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994225426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191600","display_name":"Civil rights","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776793201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848745","display_name":"Institutional racism","level":3,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25287524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13416790","display_name":"Social equality","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137863202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256435","display_name":"Psychometrics of racism","level":3,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020004979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93200","display_name":"Sex discrimination","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:irigs.iiu.edu.pk/ojs:article/7456","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.iiu.edu.pk/index.php/index/article/view/7456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204992","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"0002-399X","issn":["0002-399X","2710-5334"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0002-399X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:irigs.iiu.edu.pk/ojs:article/7456","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.iiu.edu.pk/index.php/index/article/view/7456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204992","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"0002-399X","issn":["0002-399X","2710-5334"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0002-399X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7218130206","https://openalex.org/W3112338540","https://openalex.org/W3188007662","https://openalex.org/W7134866821","https://openalex.org/W7118859573","https://openalex.org/W3176218967","https://openalex.org/W155939057","https://openalex.org/W7220033704","https://openalex.org/W7219968992","https://openalex.org/W2282346791"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,16,40,67,70],"rejection":[4],"of":[5,22,31,62],"discrimination":[6],"and":[7,26,28,34,46,64,80],"racism":[8,79],"in":[9],"theProphetic":[10],"S\u012brah,":[11],"with":[12],"a":[13,74],"focus":[14],"on":[15],"Prophet":[17],"Muhammad\u2019s":[18],"\ufdfa":[19],"humility,his":[20],"establishment":[21],"rights":[23],"for":[24,44,77],"slaves":[25],"freedmen,":[27],"his":[29],"practicalembodiment":[30],"forbearance,":[32],"modesty,":[33],"forgiveness.":[35],"Central":[36],"to":[37],"thestudy":[38],"is":[39],"Prophet\u2019s":[41,71],"consistent":[42],"call":[43],"manumission":[45],"humanfreedom,":[47],"which":[48],"challenged":[49],"entrenched":[50],"social":[51],"hierarchies":[52],"andaffirmed":[53],"universal":[54],"dignity.":[55],"By":[56],"comparing":[57],"Prophetic":[58],"leadership":[59],"withthe":[60],"approaches":[61],"past":[63],"contemporary":[65],"rulers,":[66],"paperdemonstrates":[68],"how":[69],"example":[72],"provides":[73],"timeless":[75],"ethicalmodel":[76],"combating":[78],"upholding":[81],"justice.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-04T09:36:47.201465","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
