{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216950439","doi":null,"title":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (24) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2023\u0645 \"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\": \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (24) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2023\u0645 \"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\"","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (24) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2023\u0645 \"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\": \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (24) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2023\u0645 \"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\"","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216950439"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journals.wise.edu.jo:article/1886","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.wise.edu.jo/ojs2020/index.php/meez/article/view/1886","pdf_url":"https://journals.wise.edu.jo/ojs2020/index.php/meez/article/download/1886/436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169506","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"2311-097X","issn":["2311-097X","2790-251X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2311-097X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.wise.edu.jo/ojs2020/index.php/meez/article/download/1886/436","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155686983","display_name":"\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0639\u0644\u064a, \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0647","raw_affiliation_strings":["-"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5155686983"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79072036,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12669","display_name":"Comparative International Legal Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12374","display_name":"European and International Contract Law","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-data-protection","display_name":"personal data protection","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unlawful-processing-of-personal-data","display_name":"unlawful processing of personal data","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-liability","display_name":"civil liability","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation-for-damages","display_name":"compensation for damages","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gdpr","display_name":"GDPR","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-law","display_name":"comparative law","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-subject-rights","display_name":"data subject rights","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-space","display_name":"digital space","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19869999587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.19499999284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1906999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1860000044107437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.18389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.16580000519752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.16410000622272491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16120000183582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.15870000422000885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journals.wise.edu.jo:article/1886","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.wise.edu.jo/ojs2020/index.php/meez/article/view/1886","pdf_url":"https://journals.wise.edu.jo/ojs2020/index.php/meez/article/download/1886/436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169506","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"2311-097X","issn":["2311-097X","2790-251X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2311-097X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journals.wise.edu.jo:article/1886","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.wise.edu.jo/ojs2020/index.php/meez/article/view/1886","pdf_url":"https://journals.wise.edu.jo/ojs2020/index.php/meez/article/download/1886/436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169506","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"2311-097X","issn":["2311-097X","2790-251X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324277456","host_organization_name":"TechKnowledge General Trading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324277456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["TechKnowledge General Trading"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2311-097X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216950439.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216950439.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166796568","https://openalex.org/W4408217699","https://openalex.org/W7221105770","https://openalex.org/W4414962294","https://openalex.org/W7166468054","https://openalex.org/W4403357587","https://openalex.org/W7221350913","https://openalex.org/W7168670855","https://openalex.org/W4408172428","https://openalex.org/W7162067875"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[1],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[2,70],"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632":[3],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0650\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[4,40],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629":[5,89],"\u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a":[6,94,108],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629":[7,20,32,47,95],"\u0645\u0646":[8,15,48,53,77,110],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629":[9,49,76,91,111],"\u063a\u064a\u0631":[10,50,92,112],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0639\u0629":[11,51],"\u0648\u0641\u0642":[12],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639":[13],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a":[14],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[16,54,78],"\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646":[17],"\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[18,30,59,134],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a":[19,31,46,60,140],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[21,119],"\u0635\u062f\u0631":[22],"\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627\u060c":[23],"\u0648\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647":[24],"\u0645\u0639":[25],"\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0650\u062d\u0629":[26],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f":[27],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c":[28],"\u0648\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646":[29],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c":[33],"\u062d\u064a\u062b":[34],"\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644":[35],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0639":[36],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645":[37],"\u0628\u0643\u0644":[38],"\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628":[39],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629":[41],"\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c":[42],"\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0639":[43],"\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a":[44],"\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[45],"\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643":[52],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646":[55],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f":[56],"\u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621":[57],"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633":[58],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.":[61],"\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644":[62],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b":[63],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f":[64],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[65,75],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c":[66],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0650":[67],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0650":[68],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646":[69],"\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646":[71],"\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631":[72],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629":[73],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629":[74],"\u062d\u064f\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0642":[79],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a":[80],"\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641":[81],"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629":[82],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\u060c":[83],"\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a":[84],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[85],"\u0645\u062f\u0649":[86],"\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621":[87],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629":[88],"\u0639\u0646":[90],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629":[93,113],"\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642":[96],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631":[97],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636":[98],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644":[99],"\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0631.":[101],"\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u062d":[102],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064f":[103],"\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647":[104],"\u0633\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644":[105],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[106],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629":[107],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629":[109],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0650":[114],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a":[115],"\u0628\u0635\u064f\u062f\u0648\u0631":[116],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629":[117],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a":[118],"\u0646\u0635":[120],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627":[121],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[122],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c":[123],"\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646":[124],"\u0641\u064a":[125,133,143],"\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631":[126],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a":[127],"\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646":[128],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[129],"\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a":[130],"\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642":[131],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f":[132],"\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645":[135],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c":[136],"\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646":[137],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0627\u062d":[138],"\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629":[139],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638":[141],"\u0628\u0647\u0627":[142],"\u0638\u0644\u0651\u0650":[144],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621":[145],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
