{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216684243","doi":null,"title":"Assessment of 6% and 12% NaOH-treated clay samples for composite application in wastewater treatment","display_name":"Assessment of 6% and 12% NaOH-treated clay samples for composite application in wastewater treatment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216684243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.fnasjournals.com:article/356","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://fnasjournals.com/index.php/FNAS-JACSR/article/view/356","pdf_url":"https://fnasjournals.com/index.php/FNAS-JACSR/article/download/356/307","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407052075","display_name":"Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences Journal of Applied Chemical Science Research","issn_l":"3027-0359","issn":["3027-0359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3027-0359","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://fnasjournals.com/index.php/FNAS-JACSR/article/download/356/307","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044736199","display_name":"Hauwa Mohammed Mustafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6271-1268","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6271-1268"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa, Hauwa Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156010430","display_name":"Habila Joshua","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua, Habila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154721101","display_name":"Elizabeth Simon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon, Elizabeth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013271515","display_name":"Yahaya Yakubu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-8773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-8773"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yakubu, Yahaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154046528","display_name":"Maryam Mustapha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustapha, Maryam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121018138","display_name":"Salamatu Hayatu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayatu, Salamatu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153897829","display_name":"Maryam Mahmud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmud, Maryam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154353090","display_name":"Mary Goje","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goje, Mary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153752669","display_name":"Abdullahi Ibrahim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I307268238","display_name":"Kaduna State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0063tkv49","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim, Abdullahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University (KASU), Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I307268238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":0.7914999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":0.7914999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11852","display_name":"Clay minerals and soil interactions","score":0.1462000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13793","display_name":"Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kaolinite","display_name":"kaolinite","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naoh-activation","display_name":"sodium hydroxide activation","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkali-treatment","display_name":"alkali treatment","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clay-surface-modification","display_name":"clay surface modification","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-adsorption","display_name":"heavy metal adsorption","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-remediation","display_name":"wastewater remediation","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-adsorbent","display_name":"composite adsorbent","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"surface roughness","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clay-mineral-structure","display_name":"clay mineral structure","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779899878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223197","display_name":"Kaolinite","level":2,"score":0.675599992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.633400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.6114000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.5924999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5821999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40212044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1799034","display_name":"Clay minerals","level":2,"score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64885871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2533665","display_name":"Elemental analysis","level":2,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46275449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2458815","display_name":"Crystallinity","level":2,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.42820000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522964758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2019586","display_name":"Environmental remediation","level":3,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187530423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Particle size","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153642686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70906","display_name":"Infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92397422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062082","display_name":"Central composite design","level":3,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150581940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622205","display_name":"Specific surface area","level":3,"score":0.28519999980926514}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.fnasjournals.com:article/356","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://fnasjournals.com/index.php/FNAS-JACSR/article/view/356","pdf_url":"https://fnasjournals.com/index.php/FNAS-JACSR/article/download/356/307","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407052075","display_name":"Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences Journal of Applied Chemical Science Research","issn_l":"3027-0359","issn":["3027-0359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3027-0359","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.fnasjournals.com:article/356","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://fnasjournals.com/index.php/FNAS-JACSR/article/view/356","pdf_url":"https://fnasjournals.com/index.php/FNAS-JACSR/article/download/356/307","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407052075","display_name":"Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences Journal of Applied Chemical Science Research","issn_l":"3027-0359","issn":["3027-0359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3027-0359","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.965499997138977,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325463","display_name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/03p8jwd38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216684243.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216684243.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136217206","https://openalex.org/W2230603500","https://openalex.org/W2774814053","https://openalex.org/W3084100763","https://openalex.org/W3096947939","https://openalex.org/W3180677679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7215627207","https://openalex.org/W7218322280","https://openalex.org/W2980907737","https://openalex.org/W7164187359","https://openalex.org/W7117453306","https://openalex.org/W3041587394","https://openalex.org/W4413068588","https://openalex.org/W7202190138","https://openalex.org/W2798053687","https://openalex.org/W7095021554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,56],"present":[1],"study":[2],"aims":[3],"to":[4,87],"modify":[5],"the":[6,26,34,61,64,68,73,78,88,93,105,119,124,127,131,141,148],"surface":[7,27,94,100],"characteristics":[8,85],"of":[9,22,33,63,70,107,126,150],"locally":[10],"sourced":[11],"kaolinite":[12],"clay":[13,35,80,114,152],"using":[14,39],"6%":[15],"and":[16,31,49,96,113,138],"12%":[17],"NaOH":[18,23,120],"solution.":[19],"effect":[21],"activation":[24,121],"on":[25],"characteristics,":[28],"elemental":[29,44],"composition":[30],"structure":[32],"samples":[36,81],"was":[37],"investigated":[38],"scanning":[40],"electron":[41],"microscope":[42],"coupled":[43],"dispersive":[45],"X-ray":[46],"spectroscopy":[47],"(SEM-EDS)":[48],"Fourier":[50],"transform":[51],"infrared":[52],"spectrometer":[53],"(FTIR)":[54],"techniques.":[55],"FTIR":[57],"graphs":[58],"showed":[59,82],"that":[60,77,102,135],"intensity":[62],"bands":[65],"decreases":[66],"with":[67],"concentration":[69],"NaOH.":[71],"Furthermore,":[72],"SEM":[74],"images":[75],"revealed":[76,134],"treated":[79,128],"distinctive":[83],"particle":[84],"compared":[86],"untreated":[89],"sample.":[90],"Thereby,":[91],"improving":[92],"area":[95],"creating":[97],"a":[98],"rough":[99],"topography":[101],"could":[103],"enhance":[104],"adsorption":[106],"heavy":[108],"metals":[109],"in":[110,155],"wastewater":[111,156],"remediation":[112],"matrix":[115],"interface":[116],"polymer.":[117],"Overall,":[118],"process":[122],"improved":[123],"crystallinity":[125],"samples.":[129],"Additionally,":[130],"EDS":[132],"analysis":[133],"silicon,":[136],"aluminium":[137],"iron":[139],"were":[140],"prominent":[142],"elements.":[143],"These":[144],"findings":[145],"have":[146],"proven":[147],"capability":[149],"NaOH-treated":[151],"for":[153],"use":[154],"remediation.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}