{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216683406","doi":null,"title":"Philosophy of Science (Epistemology of Science)","display_name":"Philosophy of Science (Epistemology of Science)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216683406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:al-afkar.com:article/2051","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/view/2051","pdf_url":"https://al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/download/2051/1957","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233510","display_name":"al-Afkar Journal For Islamic Studies","issn_l":"2614-4883","issn":["2614-4883","2614-4905"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210100000","host_organization_name":"Universitas Wiralodra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/download/2051/1957","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040248209","display_name":"Nanat Fatah Natsir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107902","display_name":"Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33fx63","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107902"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanat Fatah Natsir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155392473","display_name":"Erni Hayanti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107902","display_name":"Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33fx63","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107902"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erni Hayanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120115505","display_name":"Habibah Nur Azizah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107902","display_name":"Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33fx63","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107902"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habibah Nur Azizah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107902"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117280956","display_name":"Ikhsanul Fauzi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107902","display_name":"Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33fx63","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107902"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikhsanul fauzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["niversitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"niversitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107902"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117280955","display_name":"Kiki Miftahul Hakiki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4733-0151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4733-0151"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107902","display_name":"Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33fx63","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107902"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiki MIftahul Hakiki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107902"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107902"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Logic and Philosophy of Science","score":0.06700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-epistemology","display_name":"epistemology of science","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"philosophy of science","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-knowledge","display_name":"scientific knowledge","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-acquisition","display_name":"knowledge acquisition","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-of-knowledge","display_name":"truth of knowledge","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic","display_name":"logic","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasoning","display_name":"reasoning","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-dependence","display_name":"information dependence","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-knowledge","display_name":"sensory knowledge","score":0.41100001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6532999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110099512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115","display_name":"Philosophy of science","level":2,"score":0.5171999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5159000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31005864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3056268","display_name":"Philosophy of computer science","level":3,"score":0.486299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42179998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95831776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16387","display_name":"Information science","level":2,"score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195732255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q981008","display_name":"Sociology of scientific knowledge","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151110159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279438","display_name":"Philosophy of technology","level":3,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198293453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1587903","display_name":"Human science","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170143251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842333","display_name":"Western philosophy","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24726157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23407","display_name":"Philosophy of mind","level":3,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777220311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423340","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522434184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943303","display_name":"Contemporary philosophy","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159349004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2114360","display_name":"Process philosophy","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100694443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7186259","display_name":"Philosophy of design","level":3,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121242521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427574","display_name":"Philosophy of medicine","level":3,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186528591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619544","display_name":"Body of knowledge","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:al-afkar.com:article/2051","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/view/2051","pdf_url":"https://al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/download/2051/1957","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233510","display_name":"al-Afkar Journal For Islamic Studies","issn_l":"2614-4883","issn":["2614-4883","2614-4905"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210100000","host_organization_name":"Universitas Wiralodra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:al-afkar.com:article/2051","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/view/2051","pdf_url":"https://al-afkar.com/index.php/Afkar_Journal/article/download/2051/1957","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233510","display_name":"al-Afkar Journal For Islamic Studies","issn_l":"2614-4883","issn":["2614-4883","2614-4905"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210100000","host_organization_name":"Universitas Wiralodra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216683406.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216683406.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7215322397","https://openalex.org/W7215154851","https://openalex.org/W7215519622","https://openalex.org/W7218070979","https://openalex.org/W7216410595","https://openalex.org/W4416290784","https://openalex.org/W7083675370","https://openalex.org/W7215290694","https://openalex.org/W4405959701","https://openalex.org/W7172394737"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,143],"the":[1,20,31,37,73,81,116],"modern":[2],"era,":[3],"advances":[4],"in":[5,59],"technology":[6],"and":[7,17,36,51,77,98,105],"information":[8,27,61],"impact":[9],"all":[10],"aspects":[11],"of":[12,25,34,39,49,83,87,134],"human":[13,21,103],"life,":[14],"both":[15],"personally":[16],"socially,":[18],"including":[19],"mind.":[22],"The":[23,85,119,125],"ease":[24,38],"accessing":[26],"through":[28],"sophisticated":[29],"technology,":[30],"rapid":[32],"flow":[33],"information,":[35],"access":[40],"even":[41],"across":[42],"continents,":[43],"have":[44],"led":[45],"to":[46,57,71,91,138],"a":[47,122,131],"sense":[48],"dependency":[50],"weakened":[52],"reasoning,":[53],"making":[54],"it":[55,100,146],"easy":[56],"believe":[58],"inaccurate":[60],"or":[62,156],"knowledge.":[63,84,142],"To":[64],"avoid":[65],"these":[66],"negative":[67],"impacts,":[68],"one":[69],"needs":[70],"understand":[72,92],"origins,":[74],"methods,":[75],"steps,":[76],"procedures":[78],"that":[79,128,136],"enable":[80],"acquisition":[82],"purpose":[86],"this":[88,144],"article":[89],"is":[90,130,147,173],"how":[93,99],"something":[94],"becomes":[95],"true":[96,164],"knowledge,":[97],"aligns":[101],"with":[102],"reason":[104],"logic.":[106,175],"This":[107,170],"study":[108],"utilizes":[109],"library":[110,113],"research,":[111],"utilizing":[112],"materials":[114],"as":[115],"primary":[117],"source.":[118],"approach":[120],"employed":[121],"qualitative":[123],"approach.":[124],"results":[126],"show":[127],"epistemology":[129],"specialized":[132],"field":[133],"philosophy":[135],"aims":[137],"acquire":[139],"knowledge":[140,148,160],"about":[141],"case,":[145],"derived":[149],"from":[150],"conscious":[151],"sensory":[152],"absorption,":[153],"whether":[154],"old":[155],"newly":[157],"acquired.":[158],"Scientific":[159],"can":[161],"be":[162],"considered":[163],"when":[165],"we":[166],"draw":[167],"correct":[168],"conclusions.":[169],"inference":[171],"process":[172],"called":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
