{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216673003","doi":null,"title":"Factors Related to Language Shift among the Tindal Population in Ratau, Kota Belud, Sabah","display_name":"Factors Related to Language Shift among the Tindal Population in Ratau, Kota Belud, Sabah","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216673003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:so01.tci-thaijo.org:article/172410","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/172410","pdf_url":"https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/download/172410/123739","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404674981","display_name":"Human Behavior, Development and Society","issn_l":"2651-1762","issn":["2651-1762"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404674980","host_organization_name":"Asia-Pacific International University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404674980"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asia-Pacific International University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2651-1762","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/download/172410/123739","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049351685","display_name":"Jimmy Kijai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-7027","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-7027"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102298084","display_name":"Andrews University","ror":"https://ror.org/04aaa2n62","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102298084"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kijai, Jimmy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Andrews University, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Andrews University, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102298084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070892279","display_name":"Ritha Maidom","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099732","display_name":"Asia Pacific International University","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2sk374","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099732"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maidom, Ritha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asia-Pacific International University, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asia-Pacific International University, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053215780","display_name":"Daron Benjamin Loo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9203-3608","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9203-3608"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Loo, Daron","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12658","display_name":"Language and Culture","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-shift","display_name":"language shift","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dusunic-languages","display_name":"Dusunic languages","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bahasa-malaysia","display_name":"Bahasa Malaysia","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-maintenance","display_name":"language maintenance","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-attitudes","display_name":"language attitudes","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-minority-languages","display_name":"ethnic minority languages","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kota-belud","display_name":"Kota Belud","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sabah","display_name":"Sabah","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-contact","display_name":"language contact","score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-identity","display_name":"cultural identity","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776938241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9237","display_name":"Malay","level":2,"score":0.7520999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.612500011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39323472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266961","display_name":"Language shift","level":2,"score":0.5871999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116190364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167918","display_name":"Grandparent","level":2,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777068528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319972","display_name":"National language","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992975276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11042","display_name":"Cultural background","level":4,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110888244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187588","display_name":"Social class","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:so01.tci-thaijo.org:article/172410","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/172410","pdf_url":"https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/download/172410/123739","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404674981","display_name":"Human Behavior, Development and Society","issn_l":"2651-1762","issn":["2651-1762"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404674980","host_organization_name":"Asia-Pacific International University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404674980"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asia-Pacific International University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2651-1762","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:so01.tci-thaijo.org:article/172410","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/172410","pdf_url":"https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/download/172410/123739","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404674981","display_name":"Human Behavior, Development and Society","issn_l":"2651-1762","issn":["2651-1762"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404674980","host_organization_name":"Asia-Pacific International University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404674980"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asia-Pacific International University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2651-1762","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216673003.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216673003.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387861686","https://openalex.org/W2576036813","https://openalex.org/W4409144050","https://openalex.org/W7212734034","https://openalex.org/W2483901670","https://openalex.org/W3115287440","https://openalex.org/W2889060771","https://openalex.org/W2595788828","https://openalex.org/W4205147799","https://openalex.org/W2596886110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"serves":[2],"as":[3,196],"a":[4,13,95,185,248],"preliminary":[5],"analysis":[6],"of":[7,11,36,40,50,67,77,83,104,154,160,166,188,218],"the":[8,25,34,37,41,48,54,78,99,108,115,127,142,146,151,158,161,164,170,201,216,237,242],"language":[9,15,72,96,256],"situation":[10],"Tindal,":[12,43,229],"Dusunic":[14],"spoken":[16],"in":[17,122,141,175,258],"Kampung":[18,68,105,219],"Ratau,":[19],"Kota":[20],"Belud,":[21],"Sabah,":[22],"Malaysia.":[23,87,259],"For":[24],"past":[26],"several":[27],"years,":[28],"it":[29,199,235],"has":[30,44,57],"been":[31],"observed":[32],"that":[33,91,150,184,222],"use":[35,73,119,153],"mother":[38,231],"tongue":[39],"community,":[42],"steadily":[45],"declined":[46],"while":[47,114],"domain":[49],"Bahasa":[51,86,120,240],"Malaysia":[52,121],"(BM),":[53],"national":[55,243],"language,":[56,179],"increasingly":[58],"widened.":[59],"A":[60],"survey":[61],"was":[62],"administered":[63],"to":[64,70,136,207,236],"selected":[65],"residents":[66,103,217],"Ratau":[69,106,220],"determine":[71],"and":[74,80,85,101,144,211,233],"their":[75,123,138,230],"perception":[76],"economic":[79],"social":[81],"functionality":[82],"Tindal":[84,113,130,155,167],"The":[88,213],"results":[89],"indicate":[90],"there":[92],"is":[93,131,190,200,221,247],"indeed":[94],"shift":[97],"between":[98,227],"older":[100,109],"younger":[102,116],"with":[107],"ones":[110,117],"predominantly":[111],"using":[112],"primarily":[118],"daily":[124],"communication.":[125],"Overall,":[126],"respondents":[128,193],"think":[129],"an":[132],"important":[133,197],"cultural":[134],"marker":[135],"preserve":[137],"identity,":[139],"both":[140],"present":[143],"for":[145,215],"future.":[147],"They":[148],"agree":[149],"continuous":[152],"will":[156],"ensure":[157],"longevity":[159],"language.":[162,244],"Though":[163],"speakers":[165],"do":[168],"acknowledge":[169],"vital":[171],"role":[172],"they":[173,180,223],"play":[174],"preserving":[176,228],"this":[177],"minority":[178],"are":[181,224],"also":[182],"aware":[183],"proficient":[186],"grasp":[187],"Malay":[189],"necessary.":[191],"Most":[192],"view":[194],"BM":[195],"since":[198],"accepted":[202],"medium":[203],"which":[204],"allows":[205],"them":[206],"fully":[208],"function":[209],"socially":[210],"economically.":[212],"dilemma":[214],"being":[225],"torn":[226],"tongue,":[232],"subordinating":[234],"more":[238],"dominant":[239],"Malaysia,":[241],"This,":[245],"unfortunately,":[246],"shared":[249],"concern":[250],"affecting":[251],"many":[252],"other":[253],"minor":[254],"ethnic":[255],"communities":[257],"Key":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
