{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216520564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/17zn-8txt","title":"Analytic results for the two-loop renormalization constants of Feynman gauge QED","display_name":"Analytic results for the two-loop renormalization constants of Feynman gauge QED","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216520564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/17zn-8txt"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/17zn-8txt","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/17zn-8txt","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/17zn-8txt","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238307","display_name":"Physical review. D/Physical review. D.","issn_l":"2470-0010","issn":["2470-0010","2470-0029","2470-0037"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review D","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/17zn-8txt","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067479180","display_name":"Gregory S. Adkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2456-8779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2456-8779"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory S. Adkins","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159145671","display_name":"Elias Mitchell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elias Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159124092","display_name":"A. Volkan Turan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Volkan Turan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61247709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.9082000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.9082000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.07180000096559525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feynman-gauge","display_name":"Feynman gauge","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-electrodynamics","display_name":"quantum electrodynamics","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-shell-scheme","display_name":"on-shell scheme","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensional-regularization","display_name":"dimensional regularization","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-results","display_name":"analytical results","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expansion-coefficients","display_name":"expansion coefficients","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiloop-calculations","display_name":"multiloop calculations","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-chromodynamics","display_name":"QCD","score":0.34599998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6902999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166124518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047702","display_name":"Renormalization","level":2,"score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65574998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386272","display_name":"Feynman diagram","level":2,"score":0.5088000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.49059998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40976572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330873","display_name":"Gauge (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.4593000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.4458000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181830111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850","display_name":"Gauge theory","level":2,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776720137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3855654","display_name":"Background field method","level":3,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68532491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1203669","display_name":"Renormalization group","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31593994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832289","display_name":"Gauge fixing","level":4,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183276030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193095","display_name":"Coupling constant","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115047598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54505","display_name":"Quantum field theory","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104416048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302518","display_name":"Propagator","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/17zn-8txt","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/17zn-8txt","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/17zn-8txt","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238307","display_name":"Physical review. D/Physical review. D.","issn_l":"2470-0010","issn":["2470-0010","2470-0029","2470-0037"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review D","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.26750","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.26750","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.26750","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.26750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.26750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.26750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/17zn-8txt","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/17zn-8txt","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/17zn-8txt","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238307","display_name":"Physical review. D/Physical review. D.","issn_l":"2470-0010","issn":["2470-0010","2470-0029","2470-0037"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review D","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1721230204","display_name":"RUI: Calculation of Higher Order Corrections to Positronium Energy Levels","funder_award_id":"2308792","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4179715835","display_name":"PURPOSE:  THE PURPOSE OF THIS GRANT IS TO ENABLE MORE STRINGENT TESTS OF THE BASIC LAWS OF PHYSICS UNDERLYING METROLOGY, AS WELL AS HIGHER PRECISION IN THE MEASUREMENTS OF FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS THAT ARE IMPORTANT FOR CODATA. ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED: THE RESEARCHER PROPOSES TO PERFORM QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMIC (QED) CALCULATIONS FOR MUONIUM (AN ATOM CONSISTING OF AN ELECTRON ORBITING A MUON) TO COMPUTE THE UNKNOWN RECOIL CORRECTIONS THAT CURRENTLY LIMIT THE ACCURACY FOR THE PREDICTED HYPERFINE SPITTING TO ABOUT 70 HZ, WHICH IS MORE THAN AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE LARGER THAN THE GOAL OF A NEW EXPERIMENTAL CAMPAIGN UNDERWAY TO REACH 5 HZ.EXPECTED OUTCOMES:  SUCCESS IS EXPECTED TO IMPROVE THE PREDICTED VALUE OF THE MUONIUM GROUND STATE HYPERFINE SPLITTING, REDUCING THE UNCERTAINTY TO LESS THAN 10 HZ. TOGETHER WITH THE ANTICIPATED EXPERIMENTAL IMPROVEMENT, THIS CAN BE USED TO OBTAIN A MORE PRECISE DETERMINATION OF THE MUON MASS.INTENDED BENEFICIARIES: INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING WILL BENEFIT FROM PRECISELY TESTING THE BASIC LAWS OF NATURE.  METROLOGICAL INSTITUTES WILL BENEFIT FROM THE IMPROVED MEASUREMENTS OF FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN THE LEAST SQUARES ADJUSTMENTS FOR CODATA RECOMMENDATIONS.SUBRECIPIENT ACTIVITIES: THERE ARE NO SUB-AWARDS IN THIS PROJECT.","funder_award_id":"60NANB23D230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216520564.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216520564.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1840210468","https://openalex.org/W1969097667","https://openalex.org/W2002857430","https://openalex.org/W2028015417","https://openalex.org/W2028480963","https://openalex.org/W2032556563","https://openalex.org/W2033484030","https://openalex.org/W2066993514","https://openalex.org/W2071686396","https://openalex.org/W2075313699","https://openalex.org/W2099740576","https://openalex.org/W2128746824","https://openalex.org/W2171588180","https://openalex.org/W2230653695","https://openalex.org/W2785063952","https://openalex.org/W2901562184","https://openalex.org/W2998967645","https://openalex.org/W3003356213","https://openalex.org/W3037555746","https://openalex.org/W3108244293","https://openalex.org/W4283372800","https://openalex.org/W4307054523","https://openalex.org/W4392781749","https://openalex.org/W4404111053","https://openalex.org/W4411023575"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223004354","https://openalex.org/W2077995118","https://openalex.org/W1642109823","https://openalex.org/W2043627778","https://openalex.org/W7100461492","https://openalex.org/W3005632069","https://openalex.org/W2470442944","https://openalex.org/W2011547671","https://openalex.org/W2023879919","https://openalex.org/W2047213893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51],"two-loop":[1],"renormalization":[2],"constants":[3],"$Z_m$":[4],"and":[5,64],"$Z_1\\!=\\!Z_2$":[6],"of":[7],"Feynman":[8],"gauge":[9],"quantum":[10],"electrodynamics":[11],"(QED)":[12],"in":[13,39,62,73],"the":[14,40],"on-shell":[15],"scheme":[16],"are":[17,24,33],"computed":[18],"using":[19],"dimensional":[20,41],"regularization.":[21],"Analytic":[22],"results":[23],"obtained":[25,34],"for":[26,35,58,70],"these":[27],"constants.":[28],"In":[29],"addition,":[30],"analytic":[31],"expressions":[32],"their":[36],"expansion":[37,53],"coefficients":[38,54],"regularization":[42],"parameter":[43],"$\u03b5$":[44],"from":[45],"order":[46,49],"$1/\u03b5^2$":[47],"through":[48],"$\u03b5^5$.":[50],"high-order":[52],"will":[55,65],"be":[56],"needed":[57],"future":[59],"multiloop":[60,71],"calculations":[61,72],"QED":[63],"provide":[66],"a":[67],"useful":[68],"check":[69],"QCD.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
