{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216454867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.260233","title":"Diapause and sperm storage underpin female migration strategies in hoverflies","display_name":"Diapause and sperm storage underpin female migration strategies in hoverflies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216454867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.260233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1098/rsos.260233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.260233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.260233","pdf_url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article-pdf/doi/10.1098/rsos.260233/6168242/rsos.260233.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737558550","display_name":"Royal Society Open Science","issn_l":"2054-5703","issn":["2054-5703"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society Open Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article-pdf/doi/10.1098/rsos.260233/6168242/rsos.260233.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072334965","display_name":"Oliver M. Poole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2712-8760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2712-8760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oliver M. Poole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter 1 , Penryn, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2712-8760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter 1 , Penryn, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040693787","display_name":"Anton\u00edn Hlav\u00e1\u010dek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9532-7396","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9532-7396"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205984670","display_name":"Czech University of Life Sciences Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/0415vcw02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205984670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21250087","display_name":"Charles University","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton\u00edn Hlav\u00e1\u010dek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Ecology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague 3 , Prague, Czech Republic","Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University 2 , Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9532-7396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Ecology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague 3 , Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205984670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University 2 , Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034585354","display_name":"Andrew Matthews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-9636","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-9636"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew C. Matthews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter 1 , Penryn, UK","Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter 4 , Penryn, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-9636","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter 1 , Penryn, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter 4 , Penryn, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064281605","display_name":"Marek Jank\u00e1sek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-8790","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-8790"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21250087","display_name":"Charles University","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Jank\u00e1sek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University 2 , Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-8790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University 2 , Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089120292","display_name":"Radek Lu\u010dan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9575-3173","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9575-3173"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21250087","display_name":"Charles University","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radek K. Lu\u010dan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University 2 , Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9575-3173","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University 2 , Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043333120","display_name":"Toby D. Doyle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-3765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-3765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toby D. Doyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter 1 , Penryn, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-3765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter 1 , Penryn, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108955801","display_name":"Jaimie Christopher Barnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7744-1977","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7744-1977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaimie C. Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter 1 , Penryn, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7744-1977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter 1 , Penryn, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000398614","display_name":"Ji\u0159\u00ed Hadrava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-6399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-6399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21250087","display_name":"Charles University","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji\u0159\u00ed Hadrava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University 2 , Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-6399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University 2 , Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077715617","display_name":"Karl R. Wotton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8672-9948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8672-9948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl R. Wotton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter 1 , Penryn, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8672-9948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter 1 , Penryn, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072334965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82954571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11056","display_name":"Physiological and biochemical adaptations","score":0.022700000554323196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syrphidae","display_name":"hoverflies","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigrant-women","display_name":"immigrant women","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-diapause","display_name":"reproductive diapause","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sperm-storage","display_name":"sperm storage","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-allocation","display_name":"energy allocation","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flight-muscle-development","display_name":"flight muscle development","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoperiod","display_name":"photoperiod","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitudinal-gradient","display_name":"latitudinal gradient","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-conflict","display_name":"sexual conflict","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survival-reproduction-trade-off","display_name":"survival-reproduction trade-off","score":0.6269999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8827000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86670359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913288","display_name":"Diapause","level":3,"score":0.8284000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514575182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228395","display_name":"Mating","level":2,"score":0.7660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775921128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3138714","display_name":"Overwintering","level":2,"score":0.6636000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145","display_name":"Sperm","level":2,"score":0.6050999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5446000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779157341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992545","display_name":"Sexual conflict","level":3,"score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117376503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751093","display_name":"Reproductive success","level":3,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59659247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11990","display_name":"Reproduction","level":2,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116402615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4584563","display_name":"Mating system","level":3,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130981225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206913","display_name":"Sexual selection","level":2,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776833037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419238","display_name":"Sperm competition","level":3,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192536144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609370","display_name":"Sexual maturity","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170389","display_name":"Persistence (discontinuity)","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518429986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Fertility","level":3,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993762526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11990","display_name":"Reproductive strategy","level":3,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1098/rsos.260233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.260233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.260233","pdf_url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article-pdf/doi/10.1098/rsos.260233/6168242/rsos.260233.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737558550","display_name":"Royal Society Open Science","issn_l":"2054-5703","issn":["2054-5703"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society Open Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2a2a5f2050384944b03e9e2128d36259","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2a2a5f2050384944b03e9e2128d36259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society Open Science, Vol 13, Iss 9 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1098/rsos.260233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.260233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.260233","pdf_url":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article-pdf/doi/10.1098/rsos.260233/6168242/rsos.260233.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737558550","display_name":"Royal Society Open Science","issn_l":"2054-5703","issn":["2054-5703"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Royal Society Open Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309755","display_name":"Univerzita Karlova v Praze","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309872","display_name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura, Univerzita Karlova","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216454867.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216454867.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175363748","https://openalex.org/W1642620867","https://openalex.org/W1870809939","https://openalex.org/W1969589862","https://openalex.org/W1976875618","https://openalex.org/W1979333086","https://openalex.org/W1985697238","https://openalex.org/W1986033100","https://openalex.org/W1990354445","https://openalex.org/W1991737520","https://openalex.org/W2029605159","https://openalex.org/W2038953062","https://openalex.org/W2070144959","https://openalex.org/W2071480823","https://openalex.org/W2076648850","https://openalex.org/W2082167788","https://openalex.org/W2115172054","https://openalex.org/W2117092958","https://openalex.org/W2133659568","https://openalex.org/W2142862838","https://openalex.org/W2155126013","https://openalex.org/W2162369640","https://openalex.org/W2167455273","https://openalex.org/W2167498980","https://openalex.org/W2480002083","https://openalex.org/W2558892563","https://openalex.org/W2736167035","https://openalex.org/W2773735536","https://openalex.org/W2798112222","https://openalex.org/W2890188138","https://openalex.org/W2950480222","https://openalex.org/W2956130455","https://openalex.org/W2972625703","https://openalex.org/W2987949505","https://openalex.org/W3027357622","https://openalex.org/W3042646266","https://openalex.org/W3120008558","https://openalex.org/W3159073418","https://openalex.org/W4254687493","https://openalex.org/W4306924481","https://openalex.org/W4311823768","https://openalex.org/W4327714040","https://openalex.org/W4382343887","https://openalex.org/W4394813288","https://openalex.org/W4399586104","https://openalex.org/W4407358218","https://openalex.org/W4407795241","https://openalex.org/W4408145903","https://openalex.org/W4414340215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7212256426","https://openalex.org/W4407358218","https://openalex.org/W3069233457","https://openalex.org/W2748279216","https://openalex.org/W6892333903","https://openalex.org/W3120008558","https://openalex.org/W4403452132","https://openalex.org/W4213220163","https://openalex.org/W2325505854","https://openalex.org/W1664574545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Sex-specific":[1],"traits":[2],"often":[3],"involve":[4],"trade-offs":[5],"between":[6,172],"survival":[7],"and":[8,42,65,87,101,133,151,156,175,184],"reproduction.":[9],"The":[10],"oogenesis-flight":[11],"syndrome":[12],"is":[13,38],"a":[14,85,129,168],"female-specific":[15],"trait":[16],"allowing":[17],"energy":[18,36,162],"reallocation":[19],"from":[20,56],"reproductive":[21,67,98,105,157,173],"development":[22],"towards":[23],"the":[24,32,53,70,109,117],"demands":[25],"of":[26,34,72,111],"long-distance":[27],"flight.":[28],"In":[29],"migratory":[30,189],"hoverflies,":[31],"effect":[33],"this":[35],"trade-off":[37],"striking":[39],"as":[40,116],"males":[41,48],"females":[43,58,95,113],"begin":[44],"migration":[45,118,150,176],"together,":[46],"but":[47,138],"are":[49,63],"progressively":[50],"lost":[51],"during":[52,90,149],"journey.":[54],"Evidence":[55],"overwintering":[57],"suggests":[59],"that":[60,145,154],"female":[61,82],"migrants":[62],"mated":[64,102,112],"in":[66,97],"diapause;":[68],"however,":[69],"timing":[71],"these":[73,188],"events":[74],"remains":[75],"unclear.":[76],"To":[77],"address":[78],"this,":[79],"we":[80],"examined":[81],"hoverflies":[83,123],"along":[84],"latitudinal":[86],"temporal":[88],"gradient":[89],"southward":[91],"migration.":[92],"Nearly":[93],"all":[94],"were":[96],"diapause":[99,131],"(83%)":[100],"(81%).":[103],"While":[104],"status":[106,174],"remained":[107],"constant,":[108],"proportion":[110],"increased":[114],"significantly":[115],"period":[119],"progressed.":[120],"Additionally,":[121],"laboratory":[122],"reared":[124],"under":[125],"autumn":[126],"photoperiods":[127],"showed":[128],"higher":[130],"incidence":[132],"developed":[134],"larger":[135],"flight":[136,165],"muscles,":[137],"only":[139],"when":[140],"mated.":[141],"These":[142],"findings":[143],"indicate":[144],"mating":[146,155,183],"occurs":[147],"partly":[148],"further":[152],"demonstrate":[153],"state":[158],"interact":[159],"to":[160,164],"shape":[161,187],"allocation":[163],"machinery,":[166],"providing":[167],"potential":[169],"mechanistic":[170],"link":[171],"capacity.":[177],"Future":[178],"research":[179],"should":[180],"explore":[181],"how":[182],"sexual":[185],"conflict":[186],"phenotypes.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}