{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216431199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046","title":"Effects of multiple low-dose intranasal dexmedetomidine administration on postoperative pulmonary complications in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer: a single-center randomized controlled trial","display_name":"Effects of multiple low-dose intranasal dexmedetomidine administration on postoperative pulmonary complications in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer: a single-center randomized controlled trial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216431199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42890876","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13672550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155688517","display_name":"Bing Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133534","display_name":"Henan Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03f72zw41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156275278","display_name":"Yao Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149496","display_name":"Zhengzhou People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04tgrpw60","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149496"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149496"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156074852","display_name":"Xinmin Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133534","display_name":"Henan Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03f72zw41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinmin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154788985","display_name":"Mengyan Han","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133534","display_name":"Henan Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03f72zw41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009642273","display_name":"xing Meng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133534","display_name":"Henan Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03f72zw41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102991517","display_name":"Mingyang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5075-1361","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5075-1361"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133534","display_name":"Henan Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03f72zw41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154286282","display_name":"Jiaqiang Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133534","display_name":"Henan Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03f72zw41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154678248","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133534","display_name":"Henan Provincial People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03f72zw41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5154678248"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133534"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74634033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1914046","last_page":"1914046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.5648999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.5648999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12626","display_name":"Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response","score":0.07930000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10867","display_name":"Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders","score":0.06930000334978104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dexmedetomidine","display_name":"dexmedetomidine","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intranasal-administration","display_name":"intranasal administration","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-pulmonary-complications","display_name":"postoperative pulmonary complications","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elderly-patients","display_name":"elderly patients","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer-surgery","display_name":"lung cancer surgery","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-pneumonia","display_name":"postoperative pneumonia","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-sleep-quality","display_name":"postoperative sleep quality","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-dose-dexmedetomidine","display_name":"low-dose dexmedetomidine","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-recovery","display_name":"postoperative recovery","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-drug-reactions","display_name":"adverse drug reactions","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-delirium","display_name":"postoperative delirium","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-pain","display_name":"postoperative pain","score":0.3310000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781302539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412133","display_name":"Dexmedetomidine","level":3,"score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.6527000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5967000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85663871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6966562","display_name":"Nasal administration","level":2,"score":0.5382000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.46720001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777397205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275792","display_name":"Saline","level":2,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40956017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975803","display_name":"Cough reflex","level":3,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13672550","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13672550/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13672550/pdf/fphar-17-1914046.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Pharmacol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42890876","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42890876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in pharmacology","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a98da09e0464fde93870a8bce522d24","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a98da09e0464fde93870a8bce522d24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1914046/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216431199.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216431199.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1687620054","https://openalex.org/W1799229968","https://openalex.org/W2552081789","https://openalex.org/W2601988452","https://openalex.org/W2794577228","https://openalex.org/W2907288319","https://openalex.org/W2968214147","https://openalex.org/W3012597213","https://openalex.org/W3021802021","https://openalex.org/W3032990196","https://openalex.org/W3093404858","https://openalex.org/W3111591031","https://openalex.org/W3122855235","https://openalex.org/W3165487564","https://openalex.org/W3216934001","https://openalex.org/W4280532436","https://openalex.org/W4283816106","https://openalex.org/W4298145307","https://openalex.org/W4327544931","https://openalex.org/W4361010168","https://openalex.org/W4367668245","https://openalex.org/W4382723844","https://openalex.org/W4387305402","https://openalex.org/W4388816658","https://openalex.org/W4389609245","https://openalex.org/W4394717087","https://openalex.org/W4403880339","https://openalex.org/W4404859633","https://openalex.org/W4405854589","https://openalex.org/W4413049901","https://openalex.org/W4413414675","https://openalex.org/W4416107463","https://openalex.org/W4417072614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3101892078","https://openalex.org/W7128904391","https://openalex.org/W4388816658","https://openalex.org/W2930583190","https://openalex.org/W7046876906","https://openalex.org/W4391228293","https://openalex.org/W7144291082","https://openalex.org/W4416107463","https://openalex.org/W7167265373","https://openalex.org/W4404545865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Postoperative":[1],"pulmonary":[2],"complications":[3],"(PPCs)":[4],"ranging":[5],"from":[6],"30%":[7],"to":[8,17,36,67,188],"50%":[9],"have":[10],"been":[11],"recognized":[12],"as":[13],"a":[14,64,168,318],"major":[15],"threat":[16],"postoperative":[18],"recovery.":[19],"Current":[20],"conventional":[21],"interventions":[22],"cannot":[23],"effectively":[24],"reduce":[25],"the":[26,38,87,100,143,153,158,196,205,210,224,233,256,278,305],"occurrence":[27],"of":[28,40,89,105,135,147,172,183,191,209,215,218,250,307],"PPCs.":[29,106],"Objective":[30],"In":[31,52],"this":[32,53],"study,":[33],"we":[34],"aimed":[35],"investigate":[37],"effects":[39,271],"multiple":[41,69],"low-dose":[42,70,299],"intranasal":[43,71,300],"dexmedetomidine":[44,72,301],"administration":[45,73,302],"on":[46],"PPCs":[47,90,148,219,237,308],"in":[48,152,157,236,277,293,309],"elderly":[49,58,310],"patients.":[50],"Methods":[51],"double-blind,":[54],"randomized,":[55],"controlled":[56],"trial,":[57],"patients":[59,137,311],"were":[60,138,263,291],"randomly":[61],"assigned":[62],"at":[63,125],"1:1":[65],"ratio":[66,170],"receive":[68],"(MD":[74],"group)":[75],"or":[76],"normal":[77],"saline":[78],"nasal":[79],"spray":[80],"(NS":[81],"group).":[82],"The":[83,145,213,248],"primary":[84,211],"outcome":[85],"was":[86,149,240],"incidence":[88,146,306],"within":[91],"7":[92],"days":[93],"after":[94,281],"surgery.":[95],"Key":[96],"secondary":[97,108],"outcomes":[98,109],"included":[99,110],"severity":[101,216,238],"grading":[102,217,239],"and":[103,114,129,140,185,207,269,275],"classification":[104],"Other":[107],"serum":[111],"interleukin-6":[112],"(IL-6)":[113],"tumor":[115],"necrosis":[116],"factor-\u03b1":[117],"(TNF-\u03b1)":[118],"levels,":[119],"Richards-Campbell":[120],"sleep":[121],"questionnaire":[122],"(RCSQ)":[123],"scores":[124],"predefined":[126],"time":[127,267],"points,":[128],"adverse":[130,295],"reactions.":[131],"Results":[132],"A":[133],"total":[134],"190":[136],"screened,":[139],"186":[141],"completed":[142],"study.":[144],"significantly":[150,222,254,303],"lower":[151],"MD":[154],"group":[155,160,265],"than":[156],"NS":[159],"(9.68%":[161],"vs.":[162],"22.58%,":[163],"P":[164,227,245,259,284],"=":[165,228,246,260],"0.017),":[166],"with":[167,317],"risk":[169,180],"(RR)":[171],"2.333":[173],"[95%":[174],"confidence":[175],"interval":[176],"(CI):":[177],"1.173\u20136.317],":[178],"absolute":[179],"reduction":[181],"(ARR)":[182],"12.90%,":[184],"number":[186],"needed":[187],"treat":[189],"(NNT)":[190],"7.75.":[192],"Sensitivity":[193],"analyses":[194],"using":[195],"per-protocol":[197],"population":[198],"(PP)":[199],"dataset":[200],"yielded":[201],"consistent":[202],"results,":[203],"confirming":[204],"stability":[206],"reliability":[208],"outcome.":[212],"distribution":[214,249],"also":[220,252],"differed":[221,253],"between":[223,255],"groups":[225,257,280],"(":[226,258],"0.036).":[229],"After":[230],"Bonferroni":[231],"correction,":[232],"between-group":[234,289],"difference":[235],"not":[241],"statistically":[242],"significant":[243,264,288],"(corrected":[244],"0.072).":[247],"pneumonia":[251],"0.029).":[261],"There":[262],"effects,":[266,268],"interaction":[270],"for":[272],"IL-6,":[273],"TNF-\u03b1,":[274],"RCSQ":[276],"two":[279],"surgery":[282],"(all":[283],"<":[285],"0.05).":[286],"No":[287],"differences":[290],"observed":[292],"drug-related":[294],"events.":[296],"Conclusion":[297],"Multiple":[298],"reduces":[304],"undergoing":[312],"radical":[313],"thoracoscopic":[314],"lung-cancer":[315],"resection":[316],"favorable":[319],"safety":[320],"profile.":[321],"Clinical":[322],"Trial":[323],"Registration":[324],"https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=243165":[325],";":[326],"identifier":[327],"ChiCTR2400090593.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
