{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216409674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.26364419","title":"Increased burden of endogenous viral elements in Alzheimer's Disease compared to cognitively healthy centenarians","display_name":"Increased burden of endogenous viral elements in Alzheimer's Disease compared to cognitively healthy centenarians","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216409674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.26364419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.01.26364419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.26364419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.26364419","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.10.01.26364419.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.10.01.26364419.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154749970","display_name":"Eduard Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduard Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107481513","display_name":"Niccol\u00f3 Tesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-5091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-5091"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151833","display_name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers","ror":"https://ror.org/05grdyy37","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niccolo Tesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam UMC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam UMC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069383911","display_name":"Alex Salazar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8453-8769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8453-8769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151833","display_name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers","ror":"https://ror.org/05grdyy37","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Salazar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam UMC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam UMC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004846670","display_name":"Marc Hulsman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9889-3606","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9889-3606"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151833","display_name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers","ror":"https://ror.org/05grdyy37","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Hulsman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam UMC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam UMC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048283190","display_name":"Henne H. Holstege","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-3087","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-3087"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151833","display_name":"Amsterdam University Medical Centers","ror":"https://ror.org/05grdyy37","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henne Holstege","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam UMC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-3087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam UMC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052699801","display_name":"Marcel J. T. Reinders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-1562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-1562","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-4310"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel Reinders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-1562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107481513"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10434","display_name":"Chromosomal and Genetic Variations","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogenous-viral-elements","display_name":"endogenous viral elements","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centenarians","display_name":"centenarians","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-infection","display_name":"viral infection","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentially-expressed-genes","display_name":"differentially expressed genes","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-read-sequencing","display_name":"long-read sequencing","score":0.5440000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.7182999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.7056999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16613235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285982","display_name":"Endogeny","level":2,"score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5016000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121346293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340715","display_name":"Endogenous retrovirus","level":4,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30481170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37748","display_name":"Chromosome","level":3,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67636389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q784237","display_name":"Genetic predisposition","level":3,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994541485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978","display_name":"Viral infection","level":3,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780727368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978","display_name":"Viral disease","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.01.26364419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.26364419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.26364419","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.10.01.26364419.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.01.26364419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.26364419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.01.26364419","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.10.01.26364419.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1055216158","display_name":"100-plus","funder_award_id":"17232","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1462797636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16020404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326496","funder_display_name":"Stichting Dioraphte"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6915274627","display_name":"100-plus","funder_award_id":"2020.030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8821810623","display_name":"100-plus","funder_award_id":"15318","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326496","display_name":"Stichting Dioraphte","ror":"https://ror.org/036f91331"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216409674.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216409674.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950049542"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406050341","https://openalex.org/W4312087115","https://openalex.org/W4385798571","https://openalex.org/W4383371736","https://openalex.org/W1970043309","https://openalex.org/W2097556464","https://openalex.org/W2809045422","https://openalex.org/W4386067960","https://openalex.org/W1981063899","https://openalex.org/W4408986644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Throughout":[1],"history,":[2],"viruses":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"infecting":[6],"humans,":[7],"leaving":[8],"genomic":[9],"traces":[10],"called":[11],"endogenous":[12],"viral":[13,29,125],"elements":[14],"(EVEs).":[15],"This":[16],"study":[17],"explores":[18],"the":[19,61,110],"infectious":[20],"hypothesis":[21],"for":[22],"Alzheimer's":[23],"disease":[24],"(AD)":[25],"that":[26,28,59,124,133],"suggests":[27],"infections":[30,126,137],"may":[31,127],"contribute":[32],"to":[33,130],"AD":[34,41,65,85,101,118,140],"by":[35,49],"analyzing":[36],"EVEs":[37,70,90],"in":[38,100,117],"genomes":[39,62,83],"of":[40,63,84,93,109],"patients":[42,66,86,102],"and":[43,67,78],"cognitively":[44],"healthy":[45],"centenarians":[46],"(CHCs)":[47],"measured":[48,72],"long-read":[50],"sequencing.":[51],"METHODS:":[52],"We":[53],"implemented":[54],"an":[55],"EVE":[56,75,106],"detection":[57],"pipeline":[58],"screened":[60],"248":[64],"240":[68],"CHCs.":[69],"were":[71],"based":[73],"on":[74],"count,":[76,107],"length,":[77],"chromosome":[79],"location.":[80],"RESULTS:":[81],"The":[82],"contain":[87],"significantly":[88],"more":[89],"than":[91],"those":[92],"CHCs":[94],"(p=3.2x10-4).":[95],"Moreover,":[96],"certain":[97],"chromosomal":[98],"regions":[99],"show":[103],"a":[104],"higher":[105],"particularly":[108],"Orthoherpesviridae":[111],"family,":[112],"near":[113],"genes":[114],"differentially":[115],"expressed":[116],"brains.":[119],"DISCUSSION:":[120],"These":[121],"findings":[122],"suggest":[123],"increase":[128],"susceptibility":[129],"AD,":[131],"highlighting":[132],"preventive":[134],"measures":[135],"against":[136],"potentially":[138],"reduce":[139],"risk.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
