{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216256845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21769","title":"Body mass index\u2013stratified inflammatory predictors of insulin resistance in non-obese adults: a retrospective study","display_name":"Body mass index\u2013stratified inflammatory predictors of insulin resistance in non-obese adults: a retrospective study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216256845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21769","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42836113","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13637635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.21769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21769","pdf_url":"https://peerj.com/articles/21769.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://peerj.com/articles/21769.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076502408","display_name":"Aycan Acet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9395-3366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9395-3366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156457","display_name":"Kutahya Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01fxqs415","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aycan Acet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Internal Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya,  Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Internal Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya,  Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010464625","display_name":"T\u00fcrkan Pa\u015fal\u0131 Kilit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1126-7336","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1126-7336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156457","display_name":"Kutahya Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01fxqs415","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Turkan Pasali Kilit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Internal Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya,  Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Internal Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya,  Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040928097","display_name":"Serta\u015f Erarslan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6816-4154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6816-4154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156457","display_name":"Kutahya Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01fxqs415","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sertas Erarslan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Internal Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya,  Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Internal Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya,  Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050130482","display_name":"Cumali YAL\u00c7IN","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-2977","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-2977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156457","display_name":"Kutahya Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01fxqs415","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cumali Yal\u00e7\u0131n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054663547","display_name":"Can \u00d6zl\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9573-1177","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9573-1177"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156457","display_name":"Kutahya Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01fxqs415","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Can \u00d6zl\u00fc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135001292","display_name":"\u00c7a\u011fla \u00d6zdemir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9766-1918","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9766-1918"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156457","display_name":"Kutahya Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01fxqs415","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c7a\u011fla \u00d6zdemir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Family Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya,  Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Departmant of Family Medicine, K\u00fctahya Health Sciences University, K\u00fctahya,  Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076502408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156457"],"apc_list":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"apc_paid":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7112303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"e21769","last_page":"e21769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.0210999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11355","display_name":"Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-obese-adults","display_name":"non-obese adults","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-low-grade-inflammation","display_name":"low-grade inflammation","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-blood-cell-count","display_name":"white blood cell count","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-reactive-protein","display_name":"C-reactive protein","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-markers","display_name":"inflammatory markers","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homa-ir","display_name":"HOMA-IR","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes-risk","display_name":"type 2 diabetes risk","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-weight-individuals","display_name":"normal-weight individuals","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overweight-individuals","display_name":"overweight individuals","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-activation","display_name":"immune activation","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-biomarkers","display_name":"predictive biomarkers","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiometabolic-risk","display_name":"cardiometabolic risk","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyslipidemia","display_name":"dyslipidemia","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.8490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8324999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.61080002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778488018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42395","display_name":"White blood cell","level":2,"score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44369998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020110884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695416","display_name":"Outpatient clinic","level":2,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422766","display_name":"C-reactive protein","level":3,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778535154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5889863","display_name":"Homeostatic model assessment","level":4,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76318530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16833590","display_name":"Area under the curve","level":2,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61470247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7229825","display_name":"Population study","level":3,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198433322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value of tests","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779543058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4200712","display_name":"Mass index","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780521871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239671","display_name":"Predictive marker","level":3,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002097","descriptor_name":"C-Reactive Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007333","descriptor_name":"Insulin Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008076","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol, HDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.21769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21769","pdf_url":"https://peerj.com/articles/21769.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13637635","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42836113/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13637635/pdf/peerj-14-21769.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42836113","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42836113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0cb579db6e1a40c0bf724474ceee6f6a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0cb579db6e1a40c0bf724474ceee6f6a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ, Vol 14, p e21769 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj.21769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21769","pdf_url":"https://peerj.com/articles/21769.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1983995261","display_name":"PeerJ","issn_l":"2167-8359","issn":["2167-8359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216256845.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216256845.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504450548","https://openalex.org/W2018813807","https://openalex.org/W2029442790","https://openalex.org/W2080369437","https://openalex.org/W2105089901","https://openalex.org/W2109728760","https://openalex.org/W2110035765","https://openalex.org/W2114416343","https://openalex.org/W2126014131","https://openalex.org/W2136688615","https://openalex.org/W2139887409","https://openalex.org/W2140370824","https://openalex.org/W2141917949","https://openalex.org/W2160234571","https://openalex.org/W2521293947","https://openalex.org/W2554246222","https://openalex.org/W2741982109","https://openalex.org/W2913003650","https://openalex.org/W2990517926","https://openalex.org/W3198737957","https://openalex.org/W3215878268","https://openalex.org/W4200215705","https://openalex.org/W4288885871","https://openalex.org/W4390148713","https://openalex.org/W4393899142","https://openalex.org/W4394759599","https://openalex.org/W4404864865","https://openalex.org/W4404957964","https://openalex.org/W4408240424","https://openalex.org/W4409345549","https://openalex.org/W4412578672"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204442878","https://openalex.org/W4413004538","https://openalex.org/W3209660846","https://openalex.org/W2123026383","https://openalex.org/W1998774799","https://openalex.org/W7162653669","https://openalex.org/W1979186091","https://openalex.org/W3177348278","https://openalex.org/W7125022166","https://openalex.org/W6967632254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Insulin":[1,98,145],"resistance":[2,56,99,109,146,276],"(IR)":[3],"is":[4,19,271],"a":[5,20,103],"key":[6],"mechanism":[7],"underlying":[8],"type":[9],"2":[10,84,219],"diabetes":[11],"mellitus":[12],"and":[13,54,60,95,115,135,165,253],"cardiometabolic":[14],"disease.":[15],"Although":[16],"obesity-related":[17],"inflammation":[18,270],"major":[21],"contributor":[22],"to":[23,42,122],"IR,":[24],"increasing":[25],"evidence":[26],"indicates":[27],"that":[28,194],"IR":[29,155,181,199,228],"may":[30,289],"also":[31],"develop":[32],"in":[33,57,87,149,200,213,247,261,277,294],"non-obese":[34,58,78,278],"individuals.":[35],"However,":[36],"readily":[37],"available":[38],"inflammatory":[39,52,282],"markers":[40,53,114],"applicable":[41],"this":[43],"population":[44],"remain":[45],"limited.":[46],"We":[47],"evaluated":[48,86],"the":[49,119,221,258,298],"association":[50],"between":[51,93],"insulin":[55,108,275],"adults":[59,79],"assessed":[61],"their":[62],"predictive":[63,255],"performance":[64,243],"across":[65,284],"body":[66],"mass":[67],"index":[68],"(BMI)":[69],"strata.":[70],"Methods":[71],"This":[72],"retrospective":[73],"cross-sectional":[74],"study":[75],"included":[76],"149":[77],"(BMI":[80,216],"<":[81,170],"30":[82],"kg/m":[83,218],")":[85],"an":[88],"internal":[89],"medicine":[90],"outpatient":[91],"clinic":[92],"January":[94],"December":[96],"2025.":[97],"was":[100,147,177,224],"defined":[101],"as":[102],"homeostasis":[104],"model":[105],"assessment":[106],"of":[107,244,257],"(HOMA-IR)":[110],"\u2265":[111],"2.5.":[112],"Inflammatory":[113],"composite":[116],"indices,":[117],"including":[118],"C-reactive":[120],"protein":[121],"high-density":[123],"lipoprotein":[124],"cholesterol":[125],"(CRP/HDL)":[126],"ratio,":[127],"were":[128,142],"calculated.":[129],"Multivariable":[130],"logistic":[131],"regression,":[132],"BMI-stratified":[133,191],"analyses,":[134],"receiver":[136],"operating":[137],"characteristic":[138],"(ROC)":[139],"curve":[140],"analyses":[141,192,239],"performed.":[143],"Results":[144],"identified":[148],"54":[150],"participants":[151,215],"(36.2%).":[152],"Individuals":[153],"with":[154,180,227,274,280],"had":[156],"higher":[157,241],"white":[158],"blood":[159],"cell":[160],"(WBC)":[161],"counts,":[162],"CRP":[163],"levels,":[164],"CRP/HDL":[166,222,259,299],"ratios":[167],"(all":[168],"p":[169,188,209,235],"0.05).":[171],"In":[172],"multivariable":[173],"analysis,":[174],"WBC":[175,195,245,287],"count":[176,196,246,288],"independently":[178,197,225,272],"associated":[179,226,273],"(OR":[182,203,229],"=":[183,189,204,210,230,236,251,265],"1.407,":[184],"95%":[185,206,232],"CI":[186,207,233],"[1.090\u20131.815];":[187],"0.009).":[190],"showed":[193],"predicted":[198],"normal-weight":[201,248,295],"individuals":[202,249,263],"1.789,":[205],"[1.218\u20132.627];":[208],"0.003),":[211],"whereas":[212,297],"overweight":[214,262,305],"25\u201330":[217],"),":[220],"ratio":[223,260,300],"7.793,":[231],"[1.056\u201357.499];":[234],"0.044).":[237],"ROC":[238],"demonstrated":[240],"discriminative":[242],"(AUC":[250,264],"0.720)":[252],"greater":[254],"ability":[256],"0.695).":[266],"Conclusions":[267],"Low-grade":[268],"systemic":[269],"adults,":[279],"distinct":[281],"predictors":[283],"BMI":[285],"categories.":[286],"reflect":[290],"early":[291],"immune":[292],"activation":[293],"individuals,":[296],"appears":[301],"more":[302],"informative":[303],"among":[304],"subjects.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}