{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216249656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v7i5.5785","title":"The Correlation between Blood Lead Levels and Smoking Habits among Retail Gasoline Sellers","display_name":"The Correlation between Blood Lead Levels and Smoking Habits among Retail Gasoline Sellers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216249656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v7i5.5785"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.globalhealthsciencegroup.com:article/5785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v7i5.5785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/IJGHR/article/view/5785","pdf_url":"https://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/IJGHR/article/download/5785/4146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192618","display_name":"Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research","issn_l":"2714-9749","issn":["2714-9749","2715-1972"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.37287/ijghr.v7i5","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/IJGHR/article/download/5785/4146","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045917664","display_name":"Mahdiah Syumarliyanty","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261734","display_name":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/05rt4ed39","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261734"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syumarliyanty, Mahdiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076141826","display_name":"Tri Harningsih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1465-4034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1465-4034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261734","display_name":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/05rt4ed39","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261734"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harningsih, Tri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261734"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45800614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-lead-levels","display_name":"blood lead levels","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-behavior","display_name":"smoking behavior","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-exposure","display_name":"occupational exposure","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-exposure","display_name":"lead exposure","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-smoke","display_name":"cigarette smoke","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metals","display_name":"heavy metals","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balikpapan","display_name":"Balikpapan","score":0.8090000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.7138000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.635200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103697071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39558","display_name":"Gasoline","level":2,"score":0.5557000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42829999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019085024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7212330","display_name":"Cigarette smoking","level":2,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58874564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130768","display_name":"Smoke","level":2,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988731192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7410159","display_name":"Blood sampling","level":2,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776431099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3392515","display_name":"Blood lead level","level":4,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020437955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7873","display_name":"Human blood","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986115478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186290","display_name":"Positive correlation","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159744936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126730","display_name":"Spearman's rank correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.globalhealthsciencegroup.com:article/5785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v7i5.5785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/IJGHR/article/view/5785","pdf_url":"https://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/IJGHR/article/download/5785/4146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192618","display_name":"Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research","issn_l":"2714-9749","issn":["2714-9749","2715-1972"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.37287/ijghr.v7i5","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.globalhealthsciencegroup.com:article/5785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v7i5.5785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/IJGHR/article/view/5785","pdf_url":"https://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/IJGHR/article/download/5785/4146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192618","display_name":"Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research","issn_l":"2714-9749","issn":["2714-9749","2715-1972"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.37287/ijghr.v7i5","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216249656.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216249656.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118317859","https://openalex.org/W7218822096","https://openalex.org/W7215437374","https://openalex.org/W4391897910","https://openalex.org/W2024198252","https://openalex.org/W2745825324","https://openalex.org/W4413454027","https://openalex.org/W6893096417","https://openalex.org/W2084103929","https://openalex.org/W2043421419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heavy":[0],"metal":[1,8],"lead":[2,25,57,79,98,173,199],"(Pb)":[3],"is":[4,26,50],"a":[5,20,27,114],"type":[6],"of":[7,23,52,56,87],"that":[9],"can":[10,36,64,76],"negatively":[11],"impact":[12],"both":[13],"the":[14,32,38,53,62,94,136,144,148,157,208],"environment":[15],"and":[16,47,71,100,117,175],"human":[17,39],"health.":[18],"With":[19],"melting":[21],"point":[22],"327.5\u00baC,":[24],"naturally":[28],"occurring":[29],"element":[30],"in":[31,61,128,182],"Earth's":[33],"crust.":[34],"Lead":[35,59],"enter":[37],"body":[40,63],"through":[41,67],"various":[42],"means,":[43],"including":[44],"water,":[45],"soil,":[46],"air.":[48],"Inhalation":[49],"one":[51],"primary":[54],"routes":[55],"exposure.":[58],"levels":[60,99,174],"be":[65],"assessed":[66],"blood,":[68],"bones,":[69],"hair,":[70],"nails.":[72],"Additionally,":[73],"smoking":[74,101,176],"habits":[75,102,177],"influence":[77],"blood":[78,97,172,198],"levels,":[80],"as":[81],"cigarette":[82],"smoke":[83],"contains":[84],"small":[85],"amounts":[86],"lead.":[88],"This":[89],"study":[90,122],"aims":[91],"to":[92],"examine":[93],"relationship":[95,170],"between":[96,171],"among":[103,178,201],"retail":[104,125,179],"gasoline":[105,126,180],"sellers.":[106],"A":[107],"descriptive-analytical":[108],"research":[109],"approach":[110],"was":[111,154,204,210],"employed,":[112],"using":[113,143,156],"cross-sectional":[115],"design":[116],"purposive":[118],"sampling":[119],"technique.":[120],"The":[121,161,195],"subjects":[123],"comprised":[124],"sellers":[127,181],"Batu":[129,183],"Ampar":[130,184],"sub-district,":[131,185],"Balikpapan":[132,186],"City,":[133],"who":[134],"met":[135],"inclusion":[137],"criteria.":[138],"Blood":[139],"samples":[140],"were":[141],"analyzed":[142],"ICP-OES":[145],"method":[146],"at":[147],"Labkesda":[149],"DKI":[150],"Jakarta.":[151],"Data":[152],"analysis":[153],"conducted":[155],"non-parametric":[158],"Spearman":[159],"test.":[160],"results":[162],"from":[163],"20":[164],"respondents":[165],"indicated":[166],"no":[167],"statistically":[168],"significant":[169],"City":[187],"(correlation":[188],"value":[189],"=":[190,193],"0.115,":[191],"p-value":[192],"0.628).":[194],"highest":[196],"recorded":[197],"level":[200],"daily":[202],"smokers":[203],"8.634":[205],"\u00b5g/dL,":[206],"while":[207],"lowest":[209],"<0.228":[211],"\u00b5g/dL.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}