{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216217258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.00862","title":"A multi-scale immuno-epidemiological behavioral model for influenza-like illness: connecting scales through symptom scores","display_name":"A multi-scale immuno-epidemiological behavioral model for influenza-like illness: connecting scales through symptom scores","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216217258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.00862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.00862","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00862","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.00862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.00862","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074858197","display_name":"Binod Pant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8619-1861","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8619-1861"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pant, Binod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS 39762 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS 39762 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016950545","display_name":"Summer Atkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-5381","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-5381"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atkins, Summer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics , The University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville , AL , 35899 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics , The University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville , AL , 35899 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063071476","display_name":"Necibe Tuncer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3168-4110","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3168-4110","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6388-2499"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuncer, Necibe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics , Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton 33431 , Florida , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics , Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton 33431 , Florida , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086188078","display_name":"Hana M. Dobrovolny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3592-6770","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3592-6770"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I128956969","display_name":"Texas Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/054b0b564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I128956969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dobrovolny, Hana M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy , Texas Christian University , Fort Worth , TX , 76129 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy , Texas Christian University , Fort Worth , TX , 76129 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128956969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influenza-like-illness","display_name":"influenza-like illness","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiscale-modeling","display_name":"multiscale modeling","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-change","display_name":"behavior change","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symptom-scores","display_name":"symptom scores","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-load","display_name":"viral load","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemic-peak","display_name":"epidemic peak","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seir-model","display_name":"SEIR model","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-functions","display_name":"link functions","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemic-trajectory","display_name":"epidemic trajectory","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymptomatic-transmission","display_name":"asymptomatic transmission","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1627819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2572354","display_name":"Epidemic model","level":3,"score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707292","display_name":"Asymptomatic","level":2,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4474000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3750999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78639753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318160","display_name":"Behavioral modeling","level":2,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14262774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880695","display_name":"Behavior change","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992243407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525512","display_name":"Disease transmission","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83804111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063558","display_name":"Behavioral pattern","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989277270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168338","display_name":"Behavioral analysis","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.00862","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00862","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.00862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.00862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.00862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.00862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.00862","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00862","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.00862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216217258.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216217258.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981448666","https://openalex.org/W2623674245","https://openalex.org/W6950989304","https://openalex.org/W2109266214","https://openalex.org/W6884630910","https://openalex.org/W2953003787","https://openalex.org/W4389352957","https://openalex.org/W4401780470","https://openalex.org/W4293247424","https://openalex.org/W7163725639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"many":[1],"infectious":[2,246],"diseases,":[3],"behavior":[4,94,145,169,189],"change":[5,138,146,190],"is":[6,79,191,226],"not":[7,137],"a":[8,16,71,96,101,164,229,249],"population-level":[9,63,194],"reaction":[10],"to":[11,30,45,62,161,186],"rising":[12],"case":[13,218],"counts,":[14],"but":[15],"personal":[17],"one,":[18],"triggered":[19],"by":[20,129,193],"how":[21,32],"sick":[22],"an":[23,212,220],"individual":[24],"feels.":[25],"Yet":[26],"most":[27],"models":[28,39,57,187],"fail":[29],"capture":[31],"illness":[33],"severity":[34,84],"drives":[35],"this":[36,53],"response.":[37],"Multi-scale":[38],"that":[40,69,142,162,234],"link":[41,58],"the":[42,46,90,150,154,179,217,235,242,256],"immunological":[43],"scale":[44,48],"epidemiological":[47],"seem":[49],"well-suited":[50],"for":[51,89],"capturing":[52],"behavior.":[54,139],"Most":[55],"multi-scale":[56,103,257],"within-host":[59,130],"viral":[60,74,77],"load":[61,78],"transmission":[64,112],"rates":[65],"through":[66,255],"linking":[67,176,230],"functions":[68,177],"are":[70],"function":[72,222],"of":[73,92,121,163,175,223,245],"load.":[75],"However,":[76],"often":[80],"misaligned":[81],"with":[82],"symptom":[83,116,224],"and":[85,126,148],"thus":[86],"possibly":[87],"ill-suited":[88],"purpose":[91],"informing":[93],"at":[95,248],"population":[97],"level.":[98,258],"We":[99,140],"present":[100],"novel":[102],"model":[104,167,238],"in":[105,184,252],"which":[106,201],"symptomatic":[107],"individuals":[108,135,247],"dynamically":[109],"modify":[110],"their":[111],"based":[113],"on":[114],"systemic":[115],"scores":[117],"(a":[118],"composite":[119],"measure":[120],"muscle":[122],"ache,":[123],"fatigue,":[124],"headache,":[125],"feverishness":[127],"informed":[128],"immune":[131],"dynamics)":[132],"while":[133],"asymptomatic":[134],"do":[136],"find":[141],"stronger":[143],"illness-driven":[144],"delays":[147],"lowers":[149],"epidemic":[151,156,214],"peak.":[152],"Moreover,":[153],"resulting":[155],"trajectory":[157],"remains":[158],"qualitatively":[159,204],"similar":[160],"standard":[165,236],"SEIR":[166,237],"without":[168],"change,":[170],"across":[171],"several":[172],"distinct":[173,205],"choices":[174],"connecting":[178],"two":[180],"scales.":[181],"This":[182],"stands":[183],"contrast":[185],"where":[188],"driven":[192],"feedback":[195],"(e.g.,":[196],"reported":[197],"cases":[198],"or":[199,211],"deaths),":[200],"can":[202,239],"produce":[203],"signatures":[206],"such":[207],"as":[208,228],"plateaus,":[209],"shoulders,":[210],"elongated":[213],"decline.":[215],"In":[216],"when":[219],"exponential":[221],"score":[225],"used":[227],"function,":[231],"we":[232],"show":[233],"closely":[240],"reproduce":[241],"total":[243],"number":[244],"given":[250],"point":[251],"time":[253],"generated":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}