{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216183253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.00080","title":"Sharp Target-Domain Certificates for Quantum-Kernel Advantage under Distribution Shift","display_name":"Sharp Target-Domain Certificates for Quantum-Kernel Advantage under Distribution Shift","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216183253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.00080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.00080","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00080","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.00080","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.00080","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140720486","display_name":"Roberto Fern\u00e1ndez-Barrios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5312-2634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5312-2634"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136040515","display_name":"Universidad de Deusto","ror":"https://ror.org/00ne6sr39","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Barrios, Roberto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering , University of Deusto , Avda. de las Universidades , 24 , Bilbao , 48007 , Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering , University of Deusto , Avda. de las Universidades , 24 , Bilbao , 48007 , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008372294","display_name":"Iker Pastor-L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-6248","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-6248"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136040515","display_name":"Universidad de Deusto","ror":"https://ror.org/00ne6sr39","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pastor-L\u00f3pez, Iker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering , University of Deusto , Avda. de las Universidades , 24 , Bilbao , 48007 , Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering , University of Deusto , Avda. de las Universidades , 24 , Bilbao , 48007 , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093966498","display_name":"Asier Gonzalez-Santocildes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8888-8560","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8888-8560"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136040515","display_name":"Universidad de Deusto","ror":"https://ror.org/00ne6sr39","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Santocildes, Asier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering , University of Deusto , Avda. de las Universidades , 24 , Bilbao , 48007 , Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering , University of Deusto , Avda. de las Universidades , 24 , Bilbao , 48007 , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003633944","display_name":"Pablo G. Bringas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-9534","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-9534"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136040515","display_name":"Universidad de Deusto","ror":"https://ror.org/00ne6sr39","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bringas, Pablo Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering , University of Deusto , Avda. de las Universidades , 24 , Bilbao , 48007 , Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering , University of Deusto , Avda. de las Universidades , 24 , Bilbao , 48007 , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution-shift","display_name":"distribution shift","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-machine-learning","display_name":"quantum machine learning","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-one-loss","display_name":"zero-one loss","score":0.4779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.5662000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.48429998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48350000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47040000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4422000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61445026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217608","display_name":"Fixed point","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143380155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160088","display_name":"Confidence region","level":3,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.00080","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00080","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.00080","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.00080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.00080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.00080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.00080","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00080","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.00080","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216183253.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216183253.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798434869","https://openalex.org/W3085955590","https://openalex.org/W3090365491","https://openalex.org/W3096052452","https://openalex.org/W3154850693","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4289639938","https://openalex.org/W4381248286","https://openalex.org/W4392781618","https://openalex.org/W4396986598","https://openalex.org/W4399770418","https://openalex.org/W4404404796","https://openalex.org/W4407157541","https://openalex.org/W4410932661","https://openalex.org/W4417298141","https://openalex.org/W7139979229","https://openalex.org/W7155171423","https://openalex.org/W7162138086","https://openalex.org/W7164842946","https://openalex.org/W7167884209","https://openalex.org/W7169847256","https://openalex.org/W7170156075","https://openalex.org/W7203662258","https://openalex.org/W7203889305","https://openalex.org/W7204921153","https://openalex.org/W7207677962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394708803","https://openalex.org/W7203833412","https://openalex.org/W7168623946","https://openalex.org/W4226166117","https://openalex.org/W7169847256","https://openalex.org/W7207677962","https://openalex.org/W3102320711","https://openalex.org/W7160092092","https://openalex.org/W7117276919","https://openalex.org/W7212294950"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"predictive":[1,126,137],"advantage":[2,20],"under":[3,35],"shift":[4],"usually":[5],"requires":[6],"known":[7],"target":[8,136],"labels.":[9],"We":[10],"derive":[11],"the":[12,18,26,43],"assumption-free":[13],"sharp":[14],"identified":[15],"interval":[16],"for":[17],"finite-batch":[19],"of":[21,29,42,75],"a":[22,30,108],"fixed":[23,32],"candidate":[24],"over":[25],"best":[27],"member":[28],"prespecified":[31],"classical-kernel":[33],"family":[34],"any":[36],"bounded":[37],"loss":[38],"and":[39,101,139],"unrestricted":[40],"completions":[41],"unaudited":[44],"labels;":[45],"zero-one":[46],"accuracy":[47],"has":[48],"exact":[49],"closed-form":[50],"partial-label":[51],"updates.":[52],"Across":[53],"eight":[54],"security":[55],"shifts,":[56],"zero-label":[57],"upper":[58],"endpoints":[59],"against":[60],"115":[61],"classical":[62],"kernels":[63],"span":[64],"0.002-0.088.":[65],"Retrospective":[66],"auditing":[67],"reduces":[68],"every":[69],"endpoint":[70],"to":[71],"0.010":[72],"with":[73],"0-33":[74],"500":[76],"labels,":[77],"including":[78],"entangling-ZZ":[79],"models.":[80],"Prospective":[81],"corroboration":[82],"on":[83],"two":[84],"eligible":[85],"tasks":[86],"met":[87],"predefined":[88],"criteria:":[89],"four":[90],"task-classifier":[91],"medians":[92],"require":[93],"0-3":[94],"labels":[95],"(overall":[96],"median":[97],"0;":[98],"maximum":[99],"76),":[100],"all":[102],"20":[103],"realized":[104],"effects":[105],"are":[106],"negative;":[107],"third":[109],"task":[110],"fails":[111],"its":[112],"feature":[113],"gate.":[114],"Protocol":[115],"controls":[116],"reverse":[117],"an":[118],"apparent":[119],"advantage,":[120],"while":[121],"finite-shot":[122],"noise":[123],"can":[124],"increase":[125],"distinctness":[127],"without":[128],"useful":[129],"advantage.":[130],"The":[131],"framework":[132],"separates":[133],"protocol":[134],"validity,":[135],"indispensability,":[138],"quantum":[140],"relevance.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}