{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216087409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73113-6","title":"Enhanced mechanical properties and reduced polymerization shrinkage in a light-cured flowable dental nanocomposite via incorporation of silane-functionalized ScYSZ nanoparticles","display_name":"Enhanced mechanical properties and reduced polymerization shrinkage in a light-cured flowable dental nanocomposite via incorporation of silane-functionalized ScYSZ nanoparticles","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216087409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73113-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-73113-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73113-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73113-6","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73113-6_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73113-6_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154290008","display_name":"Elias Zendehdel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78323350","display_name":"Malek Ashtar University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0043ezw98","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78323350"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elias Zendehdel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin Shahr, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin Shahr, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78323350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061726507","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Loghman Estarki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0374-4171","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0374-4171"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78323350","display_name":"Malek Ashtar University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0043ezw98","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78323350"]}],"countries":["CN","IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Loghman-Estarki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin Shahr, Iran","School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin Shahr, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78323350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448033","display_name":"Zhuo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-6879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-6879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiliang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015578124","display_name":"Fatemeh Davar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3567-0034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3567-0034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170013655","display_name":"Isfahan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00af3sa43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN","IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Davar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran","School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003853050","display_name":"Hossein Jamali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7684-0442","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7684-0442"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78323350","display_name":"Malek Ashtar University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0043ezw98","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78323350"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Jamali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin Shahr, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin Shahr, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78323350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015578124","https://openalex.org/A5061726507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170013655","https://openalex.org/I196934937","https://openalex.org/I78323350"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69526583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10113","display_name":"Dental materials and restorations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10113","display_name":"Dental materials and restorations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10536","display_name":"Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silane-surface-modification","display_name":"silane surface modification","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane","display_name":"3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerization-shrinkage","display_name":"polymerization shrinkage","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"flexural strength","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microhardness","display_name":"microhardness","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-modulus","display_name":"elastic modulus","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-dispersion","display_name":"nanoparticle dispersion","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-agglomeration","display_name":"particle agglomeration","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restorative-dentistry","display_name":"restorative dentistry","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7078999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92880739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2639556","display_name":"Nanocomposite","level":2,"score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.650600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180145272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7504144","display_name":"Shrinkage","level":2,"score":0.6302000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.605400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44228677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181898","display_name":"Polymerization","level":3,"score":0.5555999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123609680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225666","display_name":"Cubic zirconia","level":3,"score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C809718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5459047","display_name":"Flexural modulus","level":3,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187530423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Particle size","level":2,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415484","display_name":"Barium titanate","level":3,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542576722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1112","display_name":"Barium","level":2,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43486711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192005","display_name":"Elastic modulus","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166595027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143983","display_name":"Epoxy","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778223994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905592","display_name":"Filler (materials)","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134132462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45621","display_name":"Ceramic","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7055690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900639","display_name":"Dynamic mechanical analysis","level":3,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779203111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36200","display_name":"Zirconium dioxide","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165720898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150000","display_name":"Indentation hardness","level":3,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308388","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133392424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223404","display_name":"Vickers hardness test","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-73113-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73113-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73113-6","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73113-6_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-73113-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73113-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73113-6","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73113-6_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322243","display_name":"Iran National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03sr1ma14"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216087409.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216087409.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991494291","https://openalex.org/W2021700991","https://openalex.org/W2110274338","https://openalex.org/W2137524036","https://openalex.org/W2148150676","https://openalex.org/W2314899340","https://openalex.org/W2416594344","https://openalex.org/W2560437533","https://openalex.org/W2592035654","https://openalex.org/W2724255792","https://openalex.org/W2942098121","https://openalex.org/W4285726231","https://openalex.org/W4321494779","https://openalex.org/W4386030663","https://openalex.org/W4388851424","https://openalex.org/W4389949284","https://openalex.org/W4392385525","https://openalex.org/W4394848737","https://openalex.org/W4402926228","https://openalex.org/W4408309484","https://openalex.org/W4410529830","https://openalex.org/W4412672790","https://openalex.org/W4413854809","https://openalex.org/W4414794441","https://openalex.org/W7119767961","https://openalex.org/W7128359540","https://openalex.org/W7131373789","https://openalex.org/W7131617238","https://openalex.org/W7133135398","https://openalex.org/W7134822718","https://openalex.org/W7135418170","https://openalex.org/W7154424602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2314443734","https://openalex.org/W1988325066","https://openalex.org/W4317538913","https://openalex.org/W7099763626","https://openalex.org/W2048884028","https://openalex.org/W4285673017","https://openalex.org/W1969316702","https://openalex.org/W7172209855","https://openalex.org/W7170005065","https://openalex.org/W7165010765"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,104,139],"present":[1],"investigation":[2],"centers":[3],"on":[4],"the":[5,43,79,142,149,154,157,163,181,207,249],"formulation":[6,183],"and":[7,33,62,91,114,125,152,171,200,262],"characterization":[8,109],"of":[9,23,78,145,156,167,191,197,203],"a":[10,17,47,72,95,188,201,220,227,270],"light-cured":[11],"nanohybrid":[12,253],"dental":[13],"composite,":[14],"which":[15,216],"incorporates":[16],"newly-proposed":[18],"hybrid":[19],"filler":[20,237],"system":[21],"composed":[22],"barium":[24,102],"glass":[25],"microparticles":[26],"alongside":[27],"surface-engineered":[28],"zirconia":[29,35],"nanoparticles.":[30],"Notably,":[31],"scandia-":[32],"yttria-stabilized":[34],"nanoparticles":[36,56],"(ScYSZ":[37],"NPs)":[38],"are":[39],"introduced":[40],"here":[41],"for":[42,274],"first":[44],"time":[45],"within":[46,162],"methacrylate-based":[48],"resin":[49,97],"matrix.":[50],"To":[51],"improve":[52],"interfacial":[53],"compatibility,":[54],"these":[55],"were":[57,67],"treated":[58],"with":[59,135,235],"\u03b3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane":[60],"(MPS),":[61],"three":[63],"distinct":[64],"dispersion":[65],"techniques":[66],"systematically":[68],"evaluated":[69],"to":[70],"secure":[71],"uniform":[73],"particle":[74,213],"distribution.":[75],"Following":[76],"identification":[77],"optimal":[80],"processing":[81],"route,":[82],"surface-modified":[83],"ScYSZ":[84,164],"(F-ScYSZ)":[85],"was":[86,119,131,217,233],"loaded":[87],"at":[88,169,184],"1,":[89],"2.5,":[90],"5":[92,208],"wt.%":[93,101,173,186,209],"into":[94],"base":[96],"already":[98],"containing":[99],"48":[100],"glass.":[103],"resulting":[105],"composites":[106,246],"underwent":[107],"thorough":[108],"through":[110,121],"FT-IR,":[111],"XRD,":[112],"MTT":[113],"FE-SEM":[115],"analysis.":[116],"Mechanical":[117],"response":[118],"quantified":[120],"three-point":[122],"bending":[123],"tests":[124],"Vickers":[126],"indentation,":[127],"whereas":[128],"polymerization":[129,231],"shrinkage":[130,232],"determined":[132],"in":[133,178,223,230],"line":[134],"ISO":[136],"17304":[137],"guidelines.":[138],"analyses":[140],"verified":[141],"successful":[143],"attachment":[144],"MPS":[146],"moieties":[147],"onto":[148],"nanoparticle":[150],"surfaces":[151],"confirmed":[153],"retention":[155],"non-transformable":[158],"tetragonal":[159],"(t\u2032)":[160],"polymorph":[161],"structure.":[165],"Incorporation":[166],"F-ScYSZ":[168],"1":[170],"2.5":[172,185],"brought":[174],"about":[175],"substantial":[176],"gains":[177],"mechanical":[179,260],"performance;":[180],"best-performing":[182],"delivered":[187],"flexural":[189],"strength":[190,261],"134.33":[192],"MPa,":[193],"an":[194,255],"elastic":[195],"modulus":[196],"4.58":[198],"GPa,":[199],"microhardness":[202],"39.4":[204],"HV.":[205],"At":[206],"level,":[210],"however,":[211],"observable":[212],"agglomeration":[214],"occurred,":[215],"accompanied":[218],"by":[219],"pronounced":[221],"deterioration":[222],"overall":[224],"properties.":[225],"Meanwhile,":[226],"consistent":[228],"drop":[229],"noted":[234],"increasing":[236],"loading.":[238],"A":[239],"side-by-side":[240],"comparison":[241],"against":[242],"commercially":[243],"available":[244],"resin\u2011based":[245],"reveals":[247],"that":[248],"newly":[250],"developed":[251],"ScYSZ-reinforced":[252],"achieves":[254],"attractive":[256],"trade-off":[257],"between":[258],"enhanced":[259],"lower":[263],"volumetric":[264],"shrinkage,":[265],"underscoring":[266],"its":[267],"viability":[268],"as":[269],"high-performance":[271],"flowable":[272],"material":[273],"restorative":[275],"dentistry":[276],"applications.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
