{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7216077523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.01454","title":"Constraining the density distribution of the cold Circumgalactic Medium of quasars at z>2 through Lya, HeII and Ha emission","display_name":"Constraining the density distribution of the cold Circumgalactic Medium of quasars at z>2 through Lya, HeII and Ha emission","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7216077523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.01454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.01454","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01454","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.01454","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.01454","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007779776","display_name":"A. Travascio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-888X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-888X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801536946","display_name":"Trieste Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/00c9gth79","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801536946","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Travascio, Andrea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy","INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801536946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065902238","display_name":"Sebastiano Cantalupo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5804-1428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5804-1428"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801536946","display_name":"Trieste Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/00c9gth79","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801536946","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cantalupo, Sebastiano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy","INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801536946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025619033","display_name":"Titouan Lazeyras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-9839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7080-9839"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lazeyras, Titouan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057083130","display_name":"Naveen A. Reddy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-4973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-4973"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reddy, Naveen A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of California , Riverside , 900 University Avenue , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of California , Riverside , 900 University Avenue , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028023592","display_name":"Charles C. Steidel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4834-7260","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4834-7260"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steidel, Charles C.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cahill Center for Astrophysics , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , CA 91125 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cahill Center for Astrophysics , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , CA 91125 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155153127","display_name":"Yongming Liang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155299","display_name":"Institute for Cosmic Ray Research","ror":"https://ror.org/008td3p62","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155299","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang, Yongming","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cosmic Ray Research , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8582 , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cosmic Ray Research , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-8582 , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155299","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082447779","display_name":"Gabriele Pezzulli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0736-7879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0736-7879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pezzulli, Gabriele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kapteyn Astronomical Institute , University of Groningen , Landleven 12 , 9747 AD Groningen , The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kapteyn Astronomical Institute , University of Groningen , Landleven 12 , 9747 AD Groningen , The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011557883","display_name":"M. Gaspari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-9258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-9258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaspari, Massimo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134242451","display_name":"Matteo Fossati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9043-8764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9043-8764"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802155305","display_name":"Brera Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02kx1hs47","country_code":"IT","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802155305","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fossati, Matteo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy","INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , via Brera 28 , 20121 Milano , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , via Brera 28 , 20121 Milano , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802155305"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154904851","display_name":"Michele Fumagalli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801536946","display_name":"Trieste Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/00c9gth79","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801536946","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fumagalli, Michele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy","INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801536946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039128270","display_name":"C. Feruglio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4227-6035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4227-6035"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801536946","display_name":"Trieste Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/00c9gth79","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801536946","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feruglio, Chiara","raw_affiliation_strings":["INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801536946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051825718","display_name":"Fabrizio Fiore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4031-4157","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4031-4157"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801536946","display_name":"Trieste Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/00c9gth79","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801536946","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fiore, Fabrizio","raw_affiliation_strings":["INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801536946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108988996","display_name":"Huiyang Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7138-2095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7138-2095"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802340896","display_name":"Purple Mountain Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02eb4t121","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802340896"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mao, Huiyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purple Mountain Observatory , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 10 Yuanhua Road , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Observatory , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 10 Yuanhua Road , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802340896"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154574381","display_name":"Marta Galbiati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801536946","display_name":"Trieste Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/00c9gth79","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801536946","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Galbiati, Marta","raw_affiliation_strings":["INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INAF -Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 , 34143 Trieste , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801536946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154386201","display_name":"Weichen Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Weichen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017299426","display_name":"Nicolas Ledos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-8941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-8941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ledos, Nicolas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155106437","display_name":"Bahram Mobasher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mobasher, Bahram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of California , Riverside , 900 University Avenue , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of California , Riverside , 900 University Avenue , Riverside , CA 92521 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004316229","display_name":"Antonio Pensabene","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-4953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-4953"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4396570579","display_name":"DTU Space","ror":"https://ror.org/01cyz3n15","country_code":"DK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4396570579","https://openalex.org/I96673099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pensabene, Antonio","raw_affiliation_strings":["DTU Space , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DTU Space , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4396570579","https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113185704","display_name":"G. Quadri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9819-5620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9819-5620"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quadri, Giada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica \"G. Occhialini\" , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 3 , I-20126 , Milano , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circumgalactic-medium","display_name":"circumgalactic medium","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasars","display_name":"quasars","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-redshift-quasars","display_name":"high-redshift quasars","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-lyman-alpha-emission","display_name":"extended Lyman-alpha emission","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-density-distribution","display_name":"gas density distribution","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clumping-factor","display_name":"clumping factor","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agn-feedback","display_name":"AGN feedback","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacked-spectra","display_name":"stacked spectra","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135041427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83373","display_name":"Quasar","level":3,"score":0.9154999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.6565999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96141758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216817","display_name":"Emission spectrum","level":3,"score":0.6366999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.5218999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198291218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382","display_name":"Ionization","level":3,"score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.4074999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14173408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176449","display_name":"Number density","level":2,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020318244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4812187","display_name":"Large sample","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.01454","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01454","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.01454","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.01454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.01454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.01454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.01454","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01454","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.01454","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216077523.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7216077523.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990975802","https://openalex.org/W4321605090","https://openalex.org/W6910464191","https://openalex.org/W7162645706","https://openalex.org/W7172031295"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7216248006","https://openalex.org/W4308475435","https://openalex.org/W4408317705","https://openalex.org/W2341443320","https://openalex.org/W2515049274","https://openalex.org/W3043953602","https://openalex.org/W4415084899","https://openalex.org/W7158663916","https://openalex.org/W6893779077","https://openalex.org/W2597238720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extended":[0],"Lya":[1,106],"emission":[2,109],"is":[3],"routinely":[4],"detected":[5],"around":[6,85],"high-redshift":[7],"quasars,":[8],"revealing":[9],"large":[10],"reservoirs":[11],"of":[12,22],"cool":[13],"circumgalactic":[14],"medium":[15],"(CGM).":[16],"Its":[17],"resonant":[18],"nature":[19],"complicates":[20],"interpretation":[21],"gas":[23,52],"density,":[24],"ionization":[25],"state,":[26],"and":[27,35,82,97,107,122,137],"kinematics,":[28],"making":[29],"non-resonant":[30],"tracers":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33],"HeII":[34,108],"Ha":[36,83,123],"essential.":[37],"Extending":[38],"previous":[39],"analytical":[40],"models,":[41],"we":[42,91],"use":[43],"CLOUDY":[44],"photo-ionization":[45],"simulations":[46],"to":[47,129,153,179],"predict":[48],"HeII/Ha":[49,157],"in":[50,181],"quasar-illuminated":[51],"over":[53],"a":[54,172],"broad":[55],"parameter":[56],"range,":[57],"including":[58],"log-normal":[59,160],"density":[60,65,161],"distributions.":[61],"The":[62],"ratio":[63],"constrains":[64],"fluctuations,":[66],"commonly":[67],"quantified":[68],"by":[69],"the":[70,76,99,102,113,155],"clumping":[71],"factor":[72],"C.":[73],"We":[74,184],"compare":[75],"models":[77,140],"with":[78,95,101,110,118],"extended":[79,105],"Lya,":[80,120],"HeII,":[81,121],"observations":[84],"quasars":[86,94,189],"at":[87,166,190],"z~2.1-4.5.":[88],"At":[89],"z~2.2,":[90],"observed":[92],"13":[93],"Keck/KCWI":[96],"targeted":[98],"systems":[100],"most":[103],"prominent":[104],"Keck/MOSFIRE,":[111],"providing":[112],"first":[114],"statistical":[115],"quasar-CGM":[116],"sample":[117],"combined":[119],"measurements.":[124],"Within":[125],"matched":[126],"apertures":[127],"out":[128],"~35":[130],"pkpc,":[131],"stacked":[132],"spectra":[133,152],"give":[134],"Lya/Ha=9.1,":[135],"HeII/Ha=0.54,":[136],"HeII/Lya=0.06.":[138],"Single-density":[139],"require":[141,171],"very":[142],"high":[143],"CGM":[144],"densities":[145,169],"(n>10":[146],"cm^-3)":[147],"or":[148],"implausibly":[149],"soft":[150],"AGN":[151],"reproduce":[154,164],"low":[156],"ratio.":[158],"Broad":[159],"distributions":[162],"instead":[163],"it":[165],"lower":[167],"median":[168],"but":[170],"substantial":[173],"emissivity-weighted":[174],"high-density":[175],"tail,":[176],"corresponding":[177],"formally":[178],"C~10^3-10^4":[180],"our":[182],"parameterization.":[183],"also":[185],"analyze":[186],"26":[187],"VLT/MUSE":[188],"3.1":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}