{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215965339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.754737","title":"Extracellular cGAMP transmission exacerbates neuroinflammation in aging and multiple sclerosis","display_name":"Extracellular cGAMP transmission exacerbates neuroinflammation in aging and multiple sclerosis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215965339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.754737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.754737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.754737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.754737","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.09.30.754737.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.09.30.754737.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012033863","display_name":"Dayanne R. Carvalho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-2648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-2648"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dayanne R. Carvalho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-2648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156160026","display_name":"Rina Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2921-7542","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2921-7542"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rina Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2921-7542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121979846","display_name":"Nuo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0099-3697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0099-3697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0099-3697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345873","display_name":"Yu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-8421","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-8421","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6490-5672","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2893-5580"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155762395","display_name":"Talal Younis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Talal Younis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034257539","display_name":"Alessandra Sclip","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9313-4176","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9313-4176"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Sclip","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9313-4176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004501308","display_name":"Abinaya Muthusamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-0094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-0094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abinaya Muthusamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156415554","display_name":"Seula Shin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seula Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042795288","display_name":"April Pawluk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6136-2086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6136-2086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"April Pawluk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6136-2086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154292759","display_name":"Christoph Thaiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9648-8949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9648-8949"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167126","display_name":"UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05yndxy10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I4210110664","https://openalex.org/I4210167126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani Goodarzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","Baker Computational Health Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94143, USA","Department of Biophysics & Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94143, USA","Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94143, USA","Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9648-8949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baker Computational Health Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94143, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysics & Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94143, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94143, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I4210167126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071354944","display_name":"Christoph A. Thaiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-7718","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-7718"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Thaiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","Department of Pathology, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010848619","display_name":"Silvana Konermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-1685","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-1685"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvana Konermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-1685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050344230","display_name":"Lingyin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4386-7926","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4386-7926"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039274","display_name":"Arc Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00wra1b14","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingyin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4386-7926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arc Institute; Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050344230"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039274","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.864300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.864300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses","score":0.08860000222921371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"multiple sclerosis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis","display_name":"experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglia","display_name":"microglia","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enpp1","display_name":"ENPP1","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sting","display_name":"STING","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cgas","display_name":"cGAS","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-dna","display_name":"mitochondrial DNA","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-xc","display_name":"system xc-","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocytes","display_name":"astrocytes","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhibitory-neurons","display_name":"inhibitory neurons","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamine-metabolism","display_name":"glutamine metabolism","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redox-stress","display_name":"redox stress","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-stimulated-genes","display_name":"interferon-stimulated genes","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premature-aging","display_name":"premature aging","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegeneration","display_name":"neurodegeneration","score":0.6880000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87753298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157137","display_name":"Neuroinflammation","level":3,"score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28406088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Extracellular","level":2,"score":0.6736999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779830541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622829","display_name":"Microglia","level":3,"score":0.6089000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.6054999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.583899974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778486448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494066","display_name":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","level":3,"score":0.5138999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777542381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502961","display_name":"Astrocyte","level":3,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200170125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q969316","display_name":"Neurotransmission","level":3,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780884517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177105","display_name":"Neuroglia","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28859421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39572","display_name":"Mitochondrion","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55728118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425402","display_name":"Metalloproteinase","level":3,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545706735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9404","display_name":"Nervous system","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776985911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q916698","display_name":"Oligodendrocyte","level":4,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173396325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501275","display_name":"Gene knockdown","level":3,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777899865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1634879","display_name":"Encephalomyelitis","level":3,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.754737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.754737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.754737","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.09.30.754737.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.754737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.754737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.754737","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.09.30.754737.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215965339.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215965339.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982119284","https://openalex.org/W2019010892","https://openalex.org/W2046464107","https://openalex.org/W2052384228","https://openalex.org/W2055839901","https://openalex.org/W2061863046","https://openalex.org/W2063970717","https://openalex.org/W2076968934","https://openalex.org/W2089755573","https://openalex.org/W2130410032","https://openalex.org/W2134164899","https://openalex.org/W2150076474","https://openalex.org/W2163294546","https://openalex.org/W2165523421","https://openalex.org/W2214074259","https://openalex.org/W2345356016","https://openalex.org/W2622807556","https://openalex.org/W2786672974","https://openalex.org/W2800392236","https://openalex.org/W2817838603","https://openalex.org/W2897249806","https://openalex.org/W2941510527","https://openalex.org/W2951506174","https://openalex.org/W2973473061","https://openalex.org/W2985169208","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3006766295","https://openalex.org/W3010096310","https://openalex.org/W3014901194","https://openalex.org/W3016238634","https://openalex.org/W3092551839","https://openalex.org/W3104130940","https://openalex.org/W3115597636","https://openalex.org/W3148757021","https://openalex.org/W3164134541","https://openalex.org/W3166099465","https://openalex.org/W4206144694","https://openalex.org/W4210432199","https://openalex.org/W4210480334","https://openalex.org/W4223414340","https://openalex.org/W4309944312","https://openalex.org/W4313830963","https://openalex.org/W4323542992","https://openalex.org/W4324128521","https://openalex.org/W4366824412","https://openalex.org/W4383215807","https://openalex.org/W4385498418","https://openalex.org/W4386194378","https://openalex.org/W4389989750","https://openalex.org/W4392747603","https://openalex.org/W4399670882","https://openalex.org/W4402902773","https://openalex.org/W4402966636","https://openalex.org/W4410513115","https://openalex.org/W4412008173","https://openalex.org/W4414013360","https://openalex.org/W4414543290","https://openalex.org/W4416331920","https://openalex.org/W7212767725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281775612","https://openalex.org/W4405238296","https://openalex.org/W7167574093","https://openalex.org/W7204448571","https://openalex.org/W4283121006","https://openalex.org/W4402966814","https://openalex.org/W4317034883","https://openalex.org/W2057450652","https://openalex.org/W2055839901","https://openalex.org/W2609885671"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SUMMARY":[0],"Neuroinflammation":[1],"drives":[2,98],"neurodegeneration":[3],"and":[4,29,46,62,71,97,109,127,157,174,184,189,203,227,232],"cognitive":[5],"decline":[6],"in":[7,24,36,40,59,67,115,141,172,178,212,225],"aging,":[8],"but":[9],"the":[10,17,44,55,60,75,131,152,162,198],"signals":[11],"that":[12,26,135,200],"spread":[13],"this":[14],"inflammation":[15],"across":[16],"CNS":[18,233],"remain":[19],"unclear.":[20],"Here,":[21],"we":[22],"show":[23],"mice":[25,70],"advanced":[27],"age":[28],"experimental":[30],"autoimmune":[31],"encephalomyelitis":[32],"(EAE)":[33],"both":[34,68],"result":[35],"elevated":[37,144],"cytosolic":[38],"mtDNA":[39],"microglia,":[41,125],"which":[42,85],"stimulates":[43],"production":[45],"export":[47],"of":[48],"cGAMP":[49,57,79,88,93,133,150,160,195,210],"from":[50],"these":[51,215],"cells.":[52],"Meanwhile,":[53],"ENPP1,":[54],"dominant":[56],"hydrolase":[58],"brain":[61],"spinal":[63],"cord,":[64],"is":[65],"downregulated":[66],"EAE":[69],"MS":[72],"patients,":[73],"releasing":[74],"brake":[76,222],"on":[77,119,223],"extracellular":[78,92,145],"accumulation.":[80],"In":[81,180],"Enpp1":[82],"H362A":[83],"mice,":[84],"selectively":[86],"lack":[87],"hydrolysis":[89],"activity,":[90],"unrestrained":[91],"worsens":[94],"EAE-associated":[95],"paralysis":[96],"premature":[99],"aging":[100,226],"phenotypes":[101],"including":[102],"impaired":[103],"motor":[104],"coordination":[105],"(rotarod,":[106],"pole":[107],"test)":[108,114],"reduced":[110],"exploration":[111],"(open":[112],"field":[113],"a":[116,220],"manner":[117],"dependent":[118],"STING.":[120],"Single-cell":[121],"RNA":[122],"sequencing":[123],"pinpoints":[124],"astrocytes,":[126],"inhibitory":[128],"neurons":[129,158],"as":[130,219,236],"principal":[132],"responders":[134],"activate":[136],"STING-dependent":[137],"interferon-stimulated":[138],"gene":[139],"induction":[140],"response":[142],"to":[143,209],"cGAMP.":[146],"Mechanistically,":[147],"microglia":[148],"import":[149,159],"through":[151],"LRRC8A:C":[153],"channel,":[154],"while":[155],"astrocytes":[156,173,183],"via":[161],"glutamate":[163,170,188],"antiporter":[164],"system":[165,190],"xc-,":[166],"reinforced":[167],"by":[168],"SLC1A2-mediated":[169],"uptake":[171],"SLC38A1/2-fueled":[175],"glutamine-to-glutamate":[176],"synthesis":[177],"neurons.":[179],"isolated":[181],"primary":[182],"neurons,":[185],"high":[186],"intracellular":[187],"xc--driven":[191],"redox":[192,204],"demands":[193],"favor":[194],"uptake,":[196],"raising":[197],"possibility":[199],"neurotransmitter":[201],"cycling":[202],"burden":[205],"shape":[206],"cellular":[207],"vulnerability":[208],"immunotransmission":[211],"vivo.":[213],"Together,":[214],"findings":[216],"position":[217],"ENPP1":[218,234],"protective":[221],"neuroinflammation":[224],"MS,":[228],"nominating":[229],"cGAS":[230],"inhibition":[231],"enhancement":[235],"therapeutic":[237],"strategies.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
