{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215918527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096","title":"Efficacy and safety of selected Chinese herbal medicine preparations in treating carotid atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analyses","display_name":"Efficacy and safety of selected Chinese herbal medicine preparations in treating carotid atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analyses","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215918527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42890206","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13672559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154469769","display_name":"Yuemeng Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44673925","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtxmr84","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuemeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153330373","display_name":"Menghan Feng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092459","display_name":"Hetao College","ror":"https://ror.org/00hgh4525","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092459"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44673925","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtxmr84","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menghan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","School of Medicine, Hetao College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Hetao College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092459"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340488","display_name":"Haoran Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6026-2219","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6026-2219"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44673925","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtxmr84","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023894534","display_name":"Jiayi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3752-7504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3752-7504"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44673925","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtxmr84","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026710633","display_name":"Qian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5806-6609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5806-6609","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1837-0208"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44673925","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtxmr84","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128153355","display_name":"Shujing Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17747738","display_name":"Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05damtm70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17747738"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17747738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007585118","display_name":"\u9ebb\u6625\u6770","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44673925","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtxmr84","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunjie Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115597661","display_name":"Hao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1030-9819","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1030-9819"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44673925","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mtxmr84","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007585118","https://openalex.org/A5115597661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44673925"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61288483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1903096","last_page":"1903096"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13444","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research","score":0.5928000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13444","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research","score":0.5928000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.19709999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11709","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis","score":0.10660000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-herbal-medicine","display_name":"Chinese herbal medicine","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotid-atherosclerosis","display_name":"carotid atherosclerosis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotid-plaque-area","display_name":"carotid plaque area","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intima-media-thickness","display_name":"intima-media thickness","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-profile","display_name":"lipid profile","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldl-cholesterol","display_name":"LDL cholesterol","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"HDL cholesterol","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triglycerides","display_name":"triglycerides","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-events","display_name":"adverse events","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjunctive-therapy","display_name":"adjunctive therapy","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-prevention","display_name":"stroke prevention","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-and-kidney-function","display_name":"liver and kidney function","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-chinese-medicine","display_name":"traditional Chinese medicine","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbal-medicine-efficacy","display_name":"herbal medicine efficacy","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-meta-analysis","display_name":"network meta-analysis","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-regression","display_name":"meta-regression","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgroup-analysis","display_name":"subgroup analysis","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.7562999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.6632000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6057999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5248000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.41130000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188947578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200253","display_name":"Traditional Chinese medicine","level":3,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779969877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861699","display_name":"Phytotherapy","level":3,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018162438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304270","display_name":"Adjunctive treatment","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102652120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2419430","display_name":"Therapeutic effect","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018359032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550789","display_name":"Safety profile","level":3,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020001037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assessment","level":3,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304270","display_name":"Combination therapy","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987047532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214275","display_name":"Carotid arteries","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42890206","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42890206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13672559","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13672559/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Pharmacol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2aca33748b874ebdaedf2595bb1affe1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2aca33748b874ebdaedf2595bb1affe1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1903096/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215918527.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215918527.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002349652","https://openalex.org/W2111010452","https://openalex.org/W2125096763","https://openalex.org/W2126209588","https://openalex.org/W2396139649","https://openalex.org/W2898998405","https://openalex.org/W2947981184","https://openalex.org/W2956218387","https://openalex.org/W2970684805","https://openalex.org/W2993021316","https://openalex.org/W3019335011","https://openalex.org/W3024163999","https://openalex.org/W3110296944","https://openalex.org/W3118541931","https://openalex.org/W3123395026","https://openalex.org/W3175065332","https://openalex.org/W3203500862","https://openalex.org/W3209199880","https://openalex.org/W4200090129","https://openalex.org/W4210614069","https://openalex.org/W4224921914","https://openalex.org/W4225279990","https://openalex.org/W4283322063","https://openalex.org/W4283642346","https://openalex.org/W4293229189","https://openalex.org/W4293366216","https://openalex.org/W4308723465","https://openalex.org/W4311707328","https://openalex.org/W4362475872","https://openalex.org/W4382501812","https://openalex.org/W4388682066","https://openalex.org/W4390753853","https://openalex.org/W4400803477","https://openalex.org/W4403305400","https://openalex.org/W4404488851","https://openalex.org/W4405171427","https://openalex.org/W4408567642","https://openalex.org/W4410487288","https://openalex.org/W4410939700","https://openalex.org/W4411107286","https://openalex.org/W4412998150","https://openalex.org/W4414529424","https://openalex.org/W7172439710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200033640","https://openalex.org/W3210010174","https://openalex.org/W4389565679","https://openalex.org/W4308723465","https://openalex.org/W2352533411","https://openalex.org/W2360862323","https://openalex.org/W4388819623","https://openalex.org/W4294218863","https://openalex.org/W3111887924","https://openalex.org/W4405028464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Although":[1],"conventional":[2,140,298],"therapies":[3],"for":[4,31,57,82,337],"Carotid":[5],"atherosclerosis":[6],"(CAS)":[7],"remain":[8],"the":[9,51,91,241,319,325,329,332,335],"standard":[10],"treatment,":[11],"their":[12],"effectiveness":[13],"is":[14,26],"often":[15],"limited":[16],"and":[17,40,48,53,60,103,108,118,202,269,278,290,306,312,322],"accompanied":[18],"by":[19],"adverse":[20,244],"effects.":[21,292],"Chinese":[22],"herbal":[23,124],"medicine":[24],"(CHM)":[25],"a":[27,314],"promising":[28],"adjunctive":[29,143],"therapy":[30,141],"CAS;":[32],"however,":[33],"robust":[34],"clinical":[35],"evidence":[36],"supporting":[37],"its":[38,62],"efficacy":[39,52],"safety":[41,54,316],"remains":[42],"limited.":[43],"Objective":[44],"This":[45],"systematic":[46],"review":[47],"meta-analysis":[49],"evaluates":[50],"of":[55,94,112,243,324,331],"CHM":[56,81,144,236,300],"CAS":[58,83],"treatment":[59],"characterizes":[61],"medication":[63,125],"patterns.":[64],"Methods":[65],"Five":[66],"databases":[67],"were":[68,84,101,114,136],"searched":[69],"from":[70],"inception":[71],"to":[72,156,170,184,197,213,231,252,297,341],"December":[73],"2025.":[74],"Randomized":[75],"controlled":[76],"trials":[77],"(RCTs)":[78],"evaluating":[79],"oral":[80],"included.":[85,137],"Study":[86],"quality":[87,321],"was":[88],"assessed":[89],"using":[90,105],"Cochrane":[92],"Risk":[93],"Bias":[95],"2":[96],"(RoB":[97],"2)":[98],"tool.":[99],"Data":[100],"extracted":[102],"analyzed":[104],"RevMan":[106],"v5.3":[107],"R":[109],"software.":[110],"Sources":[111],"heterogeneity":[113,323],"investigated":[115],"through":[116],"meta-regression":[117],"subgroup":[119],"analyses.":[120],"Network":[121,261],"analysis":[122,262],"reveals":[123],"patterns":[126],"across":[127],"21":[128],"studies.":[129],"Results":[130],"Twenty-one":[131],"RCTs":[132,340],"involving":[133],"3,078":[134],"patients":[135],"Compared":[138],"with":[139,273],"alone,":[142],"significantly":[145,239],"reduced":[146],"carotid":[147,304],"plaque":[148,307],"area":[149],"(MD":[150,164,178,191,207,225],"=":[151,165,179,192,208,226,247,255],"4.94,":[152],"95%":[153,167,181,194,210,228,249],"CI:":[154,168,182,195,211,229,250],"3.13":[155],"6.76,":[157],"p":[158,172,186,199,215,233,254],"<":[159,173,187,200,216,234],"0.01),":[160,188,201,217],"intima-media":[161],"thickness":[162],"(IMT)":[163],"0.12,":[166],"0.07":[169],"0.17,":[171],"0.05),":[174],"total":[175],"cholesterol":[176,205,223],"(TC)":[177],"0.32,":[180],"0.22":[183],"0.42,":[185],"triglycerides":[189],"(TG)":[190],"0.24,":[193],"0.11":[196],"0.37,":[198,209],"low-density":[203],"lipoprotein":[204,222],"(LDL-C)":[206],"0.21":[212],"0.53,":[214],"while":[218],"greatly":[219],"increasing":[220],"high-density":[221],"(HDL-C)":[224],"\u22120.20,":[227],"\u22120.29":[230],"\u22120.10,":[232],"0.01).":[235],"did":[237],"not":[238],"increase":[240],"risk":[242],"events":[245],"(RR":[246],"0.84,":[248],"0.64":[251],"1.10,":[253],"0.20)":[256],"or":[257],"impair":[258],"liver/kidney":[259],"function.":[260],"identified":[263],"core":[264],"actions":[265],"as":[266,284],"clearing":[267],"phlegm":[268],"removing":[270],"blood":[271],"stasis,":[272],"Danshen":[274],"(Salvia":[275],"miltiorrhiza":[276],"Bge.)":[277],"Banxia":[279],"[Pinellia":[280],"ternata":[281],"(Thunb.)":[282],"Breit.]":[283],"pivotal":[285],"botanical":[286],"drugs":[287],"exerting":[288],"anti-stasis":[289],"lipid-regulating":[291],"Conclusion":[293],"As":[294],"an":[295],"adjunct":[296],"therapy,":[299],"may":[301],"further":[302],"reduce":[303],"IMT":[305],"burden,":[308],"improve":[309],"lipid":[310],"metabolism,":[311],"demonstrate":[313],"favorable":[315],"profile.":[317],"However,":[318],"overall":[320],"included":[326],"studies":[327],"limit":[328],"strength":[330],"evidence,":[333],"highlighting":[334],"need":[336],"well-designed,":[338],"high-quality":[339],"confirm":[342],"these":[343],"findings.":[344],"Systematic":[345],"Review":[346],"Registration":[347],"https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261285381":[348],",":[349],"identifier":[350],"CRD420261285381.":[351]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
