{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215845526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.26363751","title":"Effects of a standardised Amaranthus tricolor \u2013 Spinacia oleracea extract on exercise performance, muscle strength, endurance and recovery in physically active adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","display_name":"Effects of a standardised Amaranthus tricolor \u2013 Spinacia oleracea extract on exercise performance, muscle strength, endurance and recovery in physically active adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215845526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.26363751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.26363751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.26363751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.26363751","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.09.30.26363751.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.09.30.26363751.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069931740","display_name":"Siddharth J. Modi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4088-3058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4088-3058"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddharth J. Modi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4088-3058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154562013","display_name":"Surajkumar Patil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surajkumar Patil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sangvi Multispeciality Hospital, Pune 411027, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sangvi Multispeciality Hospital, Pune 411027, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154504774","display_name":"Dhananjay Zutshi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhananjay Zutshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gunjkar Multispeciality Hospital, Pune 411019, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gunjkar Multispeciality Hospital, Pune 411019, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156294423","display_name":"Vaishnavi Patil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaishnavi Patil","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPREX Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411033, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPREX Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411033, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155454181","display_name":"Gayatri Ganu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gayatri Ganu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPREX Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411033, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPREX Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411033, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031698011","display_name":"Anand Bhaskar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4479-328X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4479-328X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Bhaskar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4479-328X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096740368","display_name":"Gunjan Gujrati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4216-0158","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4216-0158"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunjan Gujrati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4216-0158","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132763844","display_name":"Prem Muthuraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1690-9433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1690-9433"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prem Muthuraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1690-9433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156103038","display_name":"Anirudh Mehta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6075-6750","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6075-6750"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirudh Mehta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6075-6750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113412253","display_name":"Ashit Vora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5711-0053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5711-0053"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashit Vora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5711-0053","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152482948","display_name":"Dilip Mehta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilip Mehta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120134817","display_name":"Anselm de\u2019Souza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anselm Desouza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148038030","display_name":"Juhi Srivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7387-9826","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7387-9826"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juhi Srivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7387-9826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phytoveda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai 400043, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5148038030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11585","display_name":"Exercise and Physiological Responses","score":0.9185000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11585","display_name":"Exercise and Physiological Responses","score":0.9185000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.03060000017285347,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.02239999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amaranthus-tricolor","display_name":"Amaranthus tricolor","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinach","display_name":"spinach","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplements","display_name":"dietary supplements","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-performance","display_name":"exercise performance","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-strength","display_name":"muscle strength","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endurance","display_name":"endurance","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-exercise-recovery","display_name":"post-exercise recovery","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilatory-threshold","display_name":"ventilatory threshold","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-exhaustion","display_name":"time to exhaustion","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repetitions-to-failure","display_name":"repetitions to failure","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-onset-muscle-soreness","display_name":"delayed onset muscle soreness","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creatine-kinase","display_name":"creatine kinase","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactate-dehydrogenase","display_name":"lactate dehydrogenase","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-nitrite","display_name":"plasma nitrite","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-lactate","display_name":"blood lactate","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-composition","display_name":"body composition","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physically-active-adults","display_name":"physically active adults","score":0.6389999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.7190999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7153000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778375690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7814214","display_name":"Tolerability","level":3,"score":0.6725999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148968","display_name":"Spinacia","level":4,"score":0.6310999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779896295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223600","display_name":"Creatine","level":2,"score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992422156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161249","display_name":"Blood lactate","level":4,"score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4255000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99830354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362854","display_name":"Endurance training","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203092338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340863","display_name":"Clinical endpoint","level":3,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185948","display_name":"Time trial","level":4,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36880943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409458","display_name":"Creatine kinase","level":2,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994504663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608510","display_name":"Double blinded","level":4,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196310339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60354","display_name":"VO2 max","level":4,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.26363751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.26363751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.26363751","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.09.30.26363751.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.30.26363751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.26363751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.30.26363751","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/02/2026.09.30.26363751.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215845526.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215845526.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615658599","https://openalex.org/W2766626373","https://openalex.org/W3037041751","https://openalex.org/W3095692243","https://openalex.org/W3127319292","https://openalex.org/W3164348524","https://openalex.org/W4200098590","https://openalex.org/W4205180167","https://openalex.org/W4223513783","https://openalex.org/W4318482462","https://openalex.org/W4318990565","https://openalex.org/W4375952451","https://openalex.org/W4386267099","https://openalex.org/W4393163376","https://openalex.org/W4405965083","https://openalex.org/W4406228809","https://openalex.org/W4406727646","https://openalex.org/W4408473421","https://openalex.org/W4414120273","https://openalex.org/W4415547723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406727646","https://openalex.org/W4318261953","https://openalex.org/W2766626373","https://openalex.org/W2947953871","https://openalex.org/W4396622911","https://openalex.org/W6990739262","https://openalex.org/W4323845918","https://openalex.org/W2332485266","https://openalex.org/W2461564819","https://openalex.org/W3045538269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Dietary":[1],"supplements":[2],"are":[3],"increasingly":[4],"being":[5],"adopted":[6],"by":[7],"physically":[8],"active":[9,42],"individuals":[10],"to":[11,78,84,110,119,153,186],"support":[12,195],"exercise":[13,67],"performance":[14],"and":[15,35,71,93,97,112,163,189,198],"recovery.":[16],"This":[17],"randomised,":[18],"double-blind,":[19],"placebo-controlled":[20],"trial":[21],"evaluated":[22],"the":[23,55,116,120,122,130,187,193,196,202],"ergogenic":[24,199],"potential":[25,200],"of":[26,31,51,54,201],"SpinoleRG\u2122,":[27],"an":[28],"HPLC-PDA-standardised":[29],"combination":[30],"Amaranthus":[32],"tricolor":[33],"L.":[34,38],"Spinacia":[36],"oleracea":[37],"in":[39,129,135],"healthy,":[40],"recreationally":[41],"adults":[43],"over":[44],"12":[45],"weeks.":[46],"Participants":[47],"received":[48],"a":[49,58,126],"total":[50],"1,600":[52],"mg":[53],"extract":[56],"or":[57,138,168],"placebo":[59],"daily":[60],"before":[61],"exercise.":[62],"Primary":[63],"endpoints":[64,74],"included":[65,75],"cardiopulmonary":[66],"testing,":[68],"muscle":[69,90],"strength,":[70,148],"endurance.":[72],"Secondary":[73],"treadmill-based":[76],"time":[77],"exhaustion":[79],"(TTE),":[80],"body":[81],"composition,":[82],"repetitions":[83,152],"failure,":[85,154],"biochemical":[86],"markers,":[87],"delayed":[88],"onset":[89],"soreness":[91],"(DOMS),":[92],"vitals.":[94],"Routine":[95],"investigations":[96],"safety":[98],"monitoring":[99],"were":[100,107,171,182],"also":[101,142],"conducted.":[102],"Four":[103],"participants":[104,114],"per":[105],"group":[106,124],"withdrawn":[108],"due":[109],"non-compliance":[111],"64":[113],"completed":[115],"study.":[117],"Compared":[118],"placebo,":[121],"test":[123],"showed":[125,143],"significant":[127],"increase":[128],"ventilatory":[131],"threshold,":[132],"but":[133],"not":[134,172],"VO\u2082":[136],"max":[137],"maximal":[139],"ventilation.":[140],"They":[141],"significantly":[144],"improved":[145],"one-repetition":[146],"maximum":[147],"fatigue":[149],"indices,":[150],"TTE,":[151],"plasma":[155],"nitrite,":[156],"blood":[157],"lactate,":[158],"creatine":[159],"kinase,":[160],"lactate":[161],"dehydrogenase,":[162],"DOMS":[164],"outcomes.":[165],"Vital":[166],"signs":[167],"routine":[169],"parameters":[170],"impacted":[173],"meaningfully.":[174],"Three":[175],"minor":[176],"adverse":[177],"events":[178],"across":[179],"both":[180],"groups":[181],"observed,":[183],"considered":[184],"unrelated":[185],"interventions":[188],"fully":[190],"resolved.":[191],"Overall,":[192],"findings":[194],"tolerability":[197],"extract.":[203],"Trial":[204],"registration":[205],"Clinical":[206],"Trials":[207],"Registry":[208],"\u2013":[209],"India":[210],"(CTRI)":[211],"on":[212],"18":[213],"November":[214],"2025":[215],"(":[216],"CTRI/2025/11/097623":[217],").":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}
